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Fluoride concentration and pH in bottled waters commercialized in Chile: Implications for oral health
Indexado
WoS WOS:001283283500001
Scopus SCOPUS_ID:85197481351
DOI 10.1016/J.JFCA.2024.106440
Año 2024
Tipo artículo de investigación

Citas Totales

Autores Afiliación Chile

Instituciones Chile

% Participación
Internacional

Autores
Afiliación Extranjera

Instituciones
Extranjeras


Abstract



An increased consumption of bottled water is overshadowing the traditional intake of tap water. Community water fluoridation is described an effective public measure for delivering fluoride (F) for dental caries prevention. Although community water fluoridation implementation varies regionally, it is desirable that our daily water contains optimal fluoride levels and a safe pH for dental health protection. Here, we determined F concentration and pH of commercially available bottled waters in Chile. Varieties (mineral, purified, and flavored) were obtained in duplicate from different batches. F and pH were measured using a calibrated F-specific ion electrode and pH meter, respectively. From 76 different brands, 100 % have F concentrations below the recommended range (0.6-1.0 ppm F), mineral water showing significantly higher levels (0.15+0.009; p<0.05) than purified (0.09+0.080), and flavored (0.07+0.063). Most brands exhibited levels below the critical pH for both enamel (71.05 %, n=54) and dentine (80.26 %, n=61). A 46.1 % (n=35) had values below pH 4. Flavored waters had significantly lower pH (3.19+0.12; p<0.05), than purified (6.16+2.81) and mineral (pH 6.21+2.59). The analyzed bottled water, regardless of type, lack sufficient F for caries prevention. Their low pH, particularly in flavored options, might be related to an increased risk of erosive tooth wear. Implementing fluoride and pH labeling is desirable to empower consumers to make informed decisions.

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Disciplinas de Investigación



WOS
Chemistry, Applied
Food Science & Technology
Scopus
Sin Disciplinas
SciELO
Sin Disciplinas

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Publicaciones WoS (Ediciones: ISSHP, ISTP, AHCI, SSCI, SCI), Scopus, SciELO Chile.

Colaboración Institucional



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Autores - Afiliación



Ord. Autor Género Institución - País
1 Fernandez, Constanza E. - Universidad de Talca - Chile
2 Gatica, Constanza - Universidad de Talca - Chile
3 Valdebenito, Alejandra - Universidad de Talca - Chile
4 Vargas, Cesia J. - Universidad de Talca - Chile

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Financiamiento



Fuente
ANID Chile Fondecyt Initiation

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Agradecimientos



Agradecimiento
This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. However, we thank ANID Chile Fondecyt Initiation 11220057 Granted to CEF to indirectly support this study.

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