Premastication: a new way of transmitting HIV. First pediatric case reported in Chile The incorporation of the protocol to prevent vertical transmission (PMTCT) of HIV in pregnant women has reduced the rate of HIV transmission in children to less than 2%. In Chile, currently the diagnosis of HIV infection in children is rare. Thus, one positive finding should lead us to audit compliance of the PMTCT and if this has been fully implemented should be reviewed other possible routes of HIV transmission. We present a case report that suggest that HIV can be transmitted through the consumption of foods that have been premasticated by a person infected with HIV. Premastication is a transmission path that had not been reported, being a possible explanation for some cases of late transmission of HIV in infants, so far attributed to breastfeeding. Understanding that premastication is a common behavior, you should educate people about the potential risk of transmission of diseases, including HIV, through this practice and advise HIV-infected caregivers against this practice.