The article analyzes the current Brazilian party system under the conceptual lens of Katz and Mair's cartel party theory (1995, 2009), using some of its indicators, but without trying a systematic and comprehensive test of the thesis. Three sets of indicators are explored: a) the party linkages with society and state; b) competition and collusion among the major parties; c) organization and internal decision-making structure. The conclusions discuss the efficacy of cartelization model to understand the patterns and changes of the Brazilian political system, and point out the empirical difficulties and the theoretical and conceptual inconsistencies of the model, proposing a theoretical reelaboration which restricts it to its essential core.