Chile began creating a scientific academy in the late nineteenth century. Coming under the umbrella of the state, it shared governmental perspectives and objectives. The state asked science to help augment the country's economic production and social development by modernizing traditional forms of work from the top down. In our article we focus on the relation between science and fishing, examining the vision of scientists and their conflict-ridden dealings with traditional fishermen. This was not a fruitful relationship, and it ended with scientists requesting the delegitimization of fishermen as producers, receivers and encoders of knowledge.