This article analyses the anthropological research about the Pentecostalism Aymara and Mapuche in Chile. Specifically, it is analysed the theoretical presuppositions in the concepts of community, subjects and its relationship, that take place in these researches during the period 1967-2012. Thus, four stages where elucidated. (1) In a first stage, pre (proto)-antropological, the pioneer researches highlighted that the pentecostal growing was based in the fact that the movement worked as a religious community. (2) In a second stage, the aymara pentecostalism was researched as a sect that was trying to destroy the aymara society (Holocaust). (3) In a third stage, the mapuche pentecostalism was understood as a process that implied at the same time a rupture and a continuity with the indigenous culture. (4) Finally, the researches of the aymara pentecostalism changed their holocaustic's position, turning the focus to the elements of continuity-discontinuity in the interaction between the pentecostalism and the local culture.