Selection signatures are genomic regions harboring DNA sequences functionally involved in the genetic variation of traits subject to selection. Selection signatures have been intensively studied in recent years because of their relevance to evolutionary biology and their potential association with genes that control phenotypes of interest in wild and domestic populations. Selection signature research in fish has been confined to a smaller scale, due in part to the relatively recent domestication of fish species and limited genomic resources such as molecular markers, genetic mapping, DNA sequences, and reference genomes. However, recent genomic technology advances are paving the way for more studies that may contribute to the knowledge of genomic regions underlying phenotypes of biological and productive interest in fish.