This article offers an interpretation of the cultural politics of childhood during the second decade of post-authoritarian democracy in Chile (2001-2010), as sustained by the discourse of public policies in this area. I understand cultural politics as the combination of cultural contexts, social practices and political processes through which childhood is constructed in different societies and different times James and James (2008b). I develop a textual' analysis focusing on the discourse of the most recent official governmental policy document on childhood, which is still in force, as well as a contextual' analysis that examines the historical relationship between the state, public policies and childhood in different periods of Chile's history as a republic.