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| DOI | 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0141804 | ||||
| Año | 2015 | ||||
| Tipo | artículo de investigación |
Citas Totales
Autores Afiliación Chile
Instituciones Chile
% Participación
Internacional
Autores
Afiliación Extranjera
Instituciones
Extranjeras
Understanding the factors determining the spatial and temporal variation of ecological networks is fundamental to the knowledge of their dynamics and functioning. In this study, we evaluate the effect of elevation and time on the structure of plant-flower-visitor networks in a Colombian mountain forest. We examine the level of generalization of plant and animal species and the identity of interactions in 44 bipartite matrices obtained from eight altitudinal levels, from 2200 to 2900 m during eight consecutive months. The contribution of altitude and time to the overall variation in the number of plant (P) and pollinator (A) species, network size (M), number of interactions (I), connectance (C), and nestedness was evaluated. In general, networks were small, showed high connectance values and non-nested patterns of organization. Variation in P, M, I and C was better accounted by time than elevation, seemingly related to temporal variation in precipitation. Most plant and insect species were specialists and the identity of links showed a high turnover over months and at every 100 m elevation. The partition of the whole system into smaller network units allowed us to detect small-scale patterns of interaction that contrasted with patterns commonly described in cumulative networks. The specialized but erratic pattern of network organization observed in this tropical mountain suggests that high connectance coupled with opportunistic attachment may confer robustness to plant-flower-visitor networks occurring at small spatial and temporal units.
| Ord. | Autor | Género | Institución - País |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cuartas-Hernandez, Sandra | Mujer |
UNIV ANTIOQUIA - Colombia
Universidad de Antioquia - Colombia |
| 2 | MEDEL-CONTRERAS, RODRIGO GUILLERMO | Hombre |
Universidad de Chile - Chile
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| Fuente |
|---|
| FONDECYT |
| Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico |
| Universidad de Antioquia |
| Comite para el Desarrollo de la Investigacion CODI, Universidad de Antioquia |
| Agradecimiento |
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| This work was supported by Comite para el Desarrollo de la Investigacion CODI, Universidad de Antioquia. Grant Number CPT-0915. www.udea.edu.co/portal/page/portal/Programas/ GruposInvestigacion/SistemaUniversitarioInvestigacion/D.codi. SCH received the funding. R Medel thanks the indirect funding support of FONDECYT 1150112. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. |
| The authors thank Gustavo Suárez, FundacionColibrí and Family Rendón Agudelo from La Mesenia (Jardin, Antioquia) for logistic support; Laura Gómez and Liliana Ramírez for field assistance; Laura Gómez, Alvaro Idarraga, Felipe Cardona and Herbario Universidad de Antioquia (HUA) for the identification of plants; Laura Gómez, Juliana Cardona, Martha Wolff and Grupo de Entomología Universidad de Antioquia (GEUA) are acknowledged for identification of insects. Biological diversity collecting license number 15632 June 16 2011 (Expediente CAD2-2010-2) was granted to S Cuartas by CorporaciónAutónoma Regional del Centro de Antioquia—CORANTIOQUIA. S Cuartas thank Comité para el Desarrollo de la Investigación CODI, Universidad de Antioquia, Grant Number CPT-0915. R Medel thanks the indirect funding support of FONDECYT 1150112. th |