We present the first results from the SXDF-Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) 1.5 arcmin(2) deep survey at 1.1 mm using ALMA. The map reaches a 1 sigma depth of 55 mu Jy/beam and covers 12 H alpha-selected starforming galaxies (SFGs) at z = 2.19 or z = 2.53. We have detected continuum emission from three of our Haselected sample, including one compact SFG with high stellar surface density, NB2315-07. They are all red in the rest-frame optical and have stellar masses of log (M-*/M-circle dot) > 10.9, whereas the other blue, main-sequence galaxies with log(M-*/M-circle dot)= 10.0-10.8 are exceedingly faint, < 290 mu Jy (2 sigma upper limit). We also find the 1.1 mm brightest galaxy, NB2315-02, to be associated with a compact (R-e = 0.7 +/- 0.1 kpc), dusty star-forming component. Given a high gas fraction (44(-8)(+20)% or 37(-3)(+25)%) and high star formation rate surface density (126(-30)(+27) M-circle dot yr(-1) kpc(-2)), the concentrated starburst can build up within less than 50(-11)(+12) Myr a stellar surface density matching that of massive compact galaxies at z similar to 2, provided at least 19 +/- 3% of the total gas is converted into stars in the galaxy center. On the other hand, NB2315-07, which already has such a high stellar surface density core, shows a gas fraction (23(-8)(+8) %) and is located in the lower envelope of the star formation main sequence. This compact, less SFG is likely to be in an intermediate phase between compact, dusty star-forming and quiescent galaxies.