This paper seeks to explore the relationship between the State and abnormality in Santiago of Chile through a specific category as it was the abnormal childhood, both in the discursive and institutional levels, took greater definition and organization since the beginning of the decade of 1920 until the mid-1940s. Apart from changes in the State criteria that took place, you can see the survival of preventive logic and control along with other protective and assistance on legislation and the institutions created. Highlights the role of medicine and pedagogy in this area, and in particular the role of this last in the generation of an assimilable citizenship to the industrial and nation projects.