Essentially, the article proposes to contribute to the knowledge of environmental problems from scientific perspectives that emerge from the crisis of the modern paradigms, considering the traditional and local knowledge. To this end, the approach will be in three stages: first, by the reasoning on knowledge and today's environmental problems. That reasoning highlights how significant the topic of paradigmatic confrontation and their respective contexts is, in terms of the reality of environmental problems or their knowledge; second, addresses the environmental issue of philosophical and sociological point of view, considering the current relevance of this issue; third, confronting different perspectives of scientific knowledge with other cultural knowledge that can shock but also complement each other, through a knowledge dialogue practice. The article concludes by opening possibilities for future approaches to the topic and presents a bibliography that tracks the fundamentals of argumentative text.