The independence of the European colonies produced in the twentieth century, opened a postcolonial scene in which we have developed different challenges to the persistence of elements of colonial rule with posterity to his disappearance, questions that have led to current and critical thinking political programs that seek to reverse such persistence. In this scene postcolonial indigenous peoples manage to position protagonist so, belatedly considering its longstanding colonized people, from the 1980s. On the historical reasons for this late position, especially the colonial situation the Mapuche people live in the following article. When the colonial condition starts, how it has been reconfigured over time, how has analyzed the criticism of postcolonial scene and what projects are out to colonialism are the questions that organize this work.