This article analyzes the history of a Chilean coastal community's organizing to prevent the construction of a sewage pipe to dump industrial cellulous waste into the sea. This sewage pipe would be constructed by one of the largest cellulose producers in the world, and one of the most powerful economic groups in Chile (ARAUCO-Angelini). I analyze the strategies of resistance developed by the Mapuche-Lafkenche in opposition to the aggression of extractive capitalism, which in the current process of neoliberal globalization, revives historic patterns of racial dispossession against indigenous peoples. I argue that one of the main effects of the dispute has been the resurgence of new Mapuche political identities, which develop concepts of autonomy as daily construction, confronting the new forms of regulation of indigenous populations deployed by the state and capital.