The last two decades have seen an increase in the number of women diagnosed with infertility. The consequent growth in the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) calls for the determination of its long-term effects, including the risk of cancer. Many studies have attempted to answer this question, albeit with contradictory results. This review aimed to assess whether assisted reproductive technologies are associated with an increased risk of gynecological cancer. A search for papers in the literature was carried out on MEDLINE, TRIP DATABASE and NICE, resulting in 11 studies enrolling 3,900,231 patients altogether. Of these, 118,320 were offered ART. The incidence of gynecological cancer in the group offered ART was 0.6%, while the incidence in the group not offered ART was 2.1%. Taking all the studies into consideration, women offered ART were not at greater risk of having gynecological cancer; instead, a protective association was found.