This article studies the creation and distribution of the first commercial vineyards in the region of Concepcion and their evolution during the seventeenth century. Here we hope to build upon the words of praise by Chile's colonial historians of Concepcion's colonial wine industry, by studying the vineyards that existed during their lives. We were able to gather information about one hundred and fourteen vineyards, which permit us to study their location, size and commercialization. Thanks to this information we are now able to enter into the frontier wine industry, where we analyze how the military landowners sold their wine production to soldiers and Indians on both sides of the frontier. We also confirm the importance of wine, as the central part of the Chilean seventeenth century diet, for not only the soldiers and their families, but also for the indigenous population and its position as the central commodity that controlled the frontier economy of Concepcion during the seventeenth century.