This article discusses and positions the linguistic contact phenomena between mapuzugun and Spanish from a comprehensive perspective which combines extralinguistic outlook, internal and external factors which so far have been treated separately. This research makes a sociohistorical and sociolinguistic revision to the Spanish-mapuzungun relationship. The social interaction of the languages regardless the use domains and the sociocultural institutions that arise from the cultural contact and occidental colonization from a historical point of view is emphasized. Different national scholar papers about linguistic contact are discussed here. We propose a new model and a new analysis approach to study the Mapuzugun/Spanish contact in mapuche bilinguals. Finally, we stress the necessity of understanding linguistic contact as a complex phenomenon involving extra-linguistic factor, internal and external ones.