This article tries to understand the historical situation of inequality which marks the relationship between the indigenous world and national society, showing the main changes for the post-dictatorship period. It explores how from that period, even though the inequality regime in Chile has established close frameworks to reverse situations of inequality, indigenous peoples have achieved to challenge them. To illustrate this process, the paper presents three examples: the political way, the ethnogenetic way and socio-environmental way, exploring the specific strategies of the indigenous people to reverse these situations, through the achievement of institutional political power, cultural recognition or from getting of control strategic natural resources.