Although infrequent, bowel interposition between diaphragm and liver, Chilaiditi's sign or syndrome (without or with gastrointestinal symptoms), are a major clinical condition given the possibilities of differential diagnosis, such as pneumoperitoneum, diaphragmatic hernia and subphrenic abscess. Objective: To report the cases of two preschool patients with Chilaiditi's sign and syndrome, as well as to highlight the importance of this clinical condition. Clinical cases: Case 1: A male preschooler evaluated by respiratory disease without abdominal symptoms. Thorax X-ray shows left retrocardiac infiltrates and air in right subdiaphragmatic region. Previous radiographies shows the same image. He was diagnosed with Chilaiditi sign associated with pneumonia, antibiotics were used before discharge. Case 2: A female preschooler, evaluated by abdominal distention and constipation. A previous thorax X-ray shows bowel interposition between diaphragm and liver. Barium enema confirmed the findings. Blood test were normal. A Chilaiditi's syndrome was diagnosed. She received medical treatment with favorable evolution. Conclusion: These cases highlight the importance of this clinical condition that, despite being infrequent, constitutes a diagnostic challenge in the emergency services.