From the study of the doctrine on the right of retention, the institution is analyzed in the context of the Vienna Convention on the International Sale of Goods. Beginning with the requisites that the doctrine has considered as being unavoidable in order to practice the right of retention, we prove that this institution is immersed (included) within the Convention in two suppositions that allow inferring that the right of retention may be reassessed as a new recourse to face the non compliance of the Uniform Contracts Law.