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OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb: The First Spitzer Bulge Planet Lies Near the Planet/Brown-dwarf Boundary
Indexado
WoS WOS:000419110000004
Scopus SCOPUS_ID:85040450847
DOI 10.3847/1538-3881/AA9BE4
Año 2018
Tipo artículo de investigación

Citas Totales

Autores Afiliación Chile

Instituciones Chile

% Participación
Internacional

Autores
Afiliación Extranjera

Instituciones
Extranjeras


Abstract



We report the discovery of OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb, which is likely to be the first Spitzer microlensing planet in the Galactic bulge/ bar, an assignation that can be confirmed by two epochs of high-resolution imaging of the combined source-lens baseline object. The planet's mass, M-p = 13.4 +/- 0.9 M-J, places it right at the deuteriumburning limit, i. e., the conventional boundary between "planets" and "brown dwarfs." Its existence raises the question of whether such objects are really " planets" (formed within the disks of their hosts) or "failed stars" (lowmass objects formed by gas fragmentation). This question may ultimately be addressed by comparing disk and bulge/bar planets, which is a goal of the Spitzer microlens program. The host is a G dwarf, M-host = 0.89. +/- 0.07 M-circle dot, and the planet has a semimajor axis a similar to 2.0 au. We use Kepler K2 Campaign 9 microlensing data to break the lens-mass degeneracy that generically impacts parallax solutions from Earth-Spitzer observations alone, which is the first successful application of this approach. The microlensing data, derived primarily from near-continuous, ultradense survey observations from OGLE, MOA, and three KMTNet telescopes, contain more orbital information than for any previous microlensing planet, but not quite enough to accurately specify the full orbit. However, these data do permit the first rigorous test of microlensing orbital-motion measurements, which are typically derived from data taken over < 1% of an orbital period.

Revista



Revista ISSN
Astronomical Journal 0004-6256

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Disciplinas de Investigación



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Astronomy & Astrophysics
Scopus
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Publicaciones WoS (Ediciones: ISSHP, ISTP, AHCI, SSCI, SCI), Scopus, SciELO Chile.

Colaboración Institucional



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Autores - Afiliación



Ord. Autor Género Institución - País
1 Ryu, Y. H. - Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst - Corea del Sur
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute - Corea del Sur
2 Yee, Jennifer C. Mujer Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys - Estados Unidos
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos
3 Udalski, Andrzej Hombre Univ Warsaw Observ - Polonia
University of Warsaw - Polonia
4 Bond, I. A. - Massey University Auckland - Nueva Zelanda
5 Shvartzvald, Yossi Hombre CALTECH - Estados Unidos
Jet Propulsion Laboratory - Estados Unidos
California Institute of Technology - Estados Unidos
6 Zang, Weicheng - Tsinghua Univ - China
Zhejiang Univ - China
Tsinghua University - China
Zhejiang University - China
Department of Physics, Zhejiang University - China
7 Jaimes, R. Figuera - Univ St Andrews - Reino Unido
ESO - Alemania
University of St Andrews - Reino Unido
7 Figuera Jaimes, R. - University of St Andrews - Reino Unido
ESO - Alemania
8 Jorgensen, U. G. Hombre Univ Copenhagen - Dinamarca
Niels Bohr Institute - Dinamarca
Niels Bohr Institutet - Dinamarca
9 Zhu, Wei - OHIO STATE UNIV - Estados Unidos
The Ohio State University - Estados Unidos
10 Huang, Chelsea X. Mujer MIT - Estados Unidos
UNIV TORONTO - Canadá
MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research - Estados Unidos
University of Toronto - Canadá
Dunlap Institute for Astronomy &amp; Astrophysics - Canadá
11 Jung, Youn Kil - Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys - Estados Unidos
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos
12 Albrow, Michael D. Hombre Univ Canterbury - Nueva Zelanda
University of Canterbury - Nueva Zelanda
13 Chung, S. J. Mujer Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst - Corea del Sur
Korea Univ Sci & Technol - Corea del Sur
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute - Corea del Sur
University of Science and Technology (UST) - Corea del Sur
14 Gould, Andy Hombre Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst - Corea del Sur
OHIO STATE UNIV - Estados Unidos
Max Planck Inst Astron - Alemania
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute - Corea del Sur
The Ohio State University - Estados Unidos
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy - Alemania
15 Han, Cheongho - Chungbuk Natl Univ - Corea del Sur
Chungbuk National University - Corea del Sur
16 Hwang, Kyu-Ha - Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst - Corea del Sur
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute - Corea del Sur
17 Christiansen, Jessie Mujer Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys - Estados Unidos
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics - Estados Unidos
18 Cha, S. -M. - Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst - Corea del Sur
Kyung Hee Univ - Corea del Sur
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute - Corea del Sur
Kyung Hee University - Corea del Sur
18 Cha, S. M. - Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute - Corea del Sur
Kyung Hee University - Corea del Sur
19 Kim, Dong-Jin Hombre Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst - Corea del Sur
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute - Corea del Sur
20 Kim, Hyoun Woo - Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst - Corea del Sur
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute - Corea del Sur
21 Kim, Seung Lee - Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst - Corea del Sur
Korea Univ Sci & Technol - Corea del Sur
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute - Corea del Sur
University of Science and Technology (UST) - Corea del Sur
22 Lee, C. -H. Hombre Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst - Corea del Sur
Korea Univ Sci & Technol - Corea del Sur
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute - Corea del Sur
University of Science and Technology (UST) - Corea del Sur
23 Lee, D. -J. - Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst - Corea del Sur
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute - Corea del Sur
23 Lee, D. J. - Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute - Corea del Sur
24 Lee, Yongseok Hombre Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst - Corea del Sur
Kyung Hee Univ - Corea del Sur
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute - Corea del Sur
Kyung Hee University - Corea del Sur
25 Park, Byeong Gon Mujer Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst - Corea del Sur
Korea Univ Sci & Technol - Corea del Sur
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute - Corea del Sur
University of Science and Technology (UST) - Corea del Sur
26 Pogge, Richard W. Hombre OHIO STATE UNIV - Estados Unidos
The Ohio State University - Estados Unidos
27 Novati, Sebastiano Calchi Hombre CALTECH - Estados Unidos
Univ Salerno - Italia
Caltech Infrared Processing and Analysis Center - Estados Unidos
Università di Salerno - Italia
California Institute of Technology - Estados Unidos
Infrared Processing &amp; Analysis Center - Estados Unidos
Università degli Studi di Salerno - Italia
28 Carey, Sean Hombre CALTECH - Estados Unidos
Spitzer Science Center - Estados Unidos
California Institute of Technology - Estados Unidos
29 Henderson, Calen B. - CALTECH - Estados Unidos
California Institute of Technology - Estados Unidos
30 Beichman, Charles Hombre CALTECH - Estados Unidos
California Institute of Technology - Estados Unidos
31 Gaudi, B. Scott - OHIO STATE UNIV - Estados Unidos
The Ohio State University - Estados Unidos
32 Mroz, Przemek Hombre Univ Warsaw Observ - Polonia
University of Warsaw - Polonia
33 Poleski, Radoslaw Hombre Univ Warsaw Observ - Polonia
OHIO STATE UNIV - Estados Unidos
University of Warsaw - Polonia
The Ohio State University - Estados Unidos
34 Skowron, D. M. Mujer Univ Warsaw Observ - Polonia
University of Warsaw - Polonia
35 Szymanski, Michal K. Hombre Univ Warsaw Observ - Polonia
University of Warsaw - Polonia
36 Soszynski, I. Hombre Univ Warsaw Observ - Polonia
University of Warsaw - Polonia
37 Kozlowski, Szymon Hombre Univ Warsaw Observ - Polonia
University of Warsaw - Polonia
38 Pietrukowicz, Pawell Hombre Univ Warsaw Observ - Polonia
University of Warsaw - Polonia
39 Ulaczyk, K. Hombre Univ Warsaw Observ - Polonia
University of Warsaw - Polonia
40 Santos, W. A. Hombre Univ Warsaw Observ - Polonia
CALTECH - Estados Unidos
University of Warsaw - Polonia
Jet Propulsion Laboratory - Estados Unidos
California Institute of Technology - Estados Unidos
41 Abe, Fumio Hombre Nagoya Univ - Japón
Nagoya University - Japón
42 Asakura, Y. - Nagoya Univ - Japón
Nagoya University - Japón
43 Barry, R. Hombre NASA - Estados Unidos
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center - Estados Unidos
44 Bennett, David P. Hombre NASA - Estados Unidos
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center - Estados Unidos
45 Bhattacharya, Aparna - Nagoya Univ - Japón
Nagoya University - Japón
46 Donachie, M. - UNIV AUCKLAND - Nueva Zelanda
University of Auckland - Nueva Zelanda
The University of Auckland - Nueva Zelanda
47 Evans, Phil Hombre UNIV AUCKLAND - Nueva Zelanda
University of Auckland - Nueva Zelanda
The University of Auckland - Nueva Zelanda
48 Fukui, Akihiko Hombre Natl Astron Observ Japan - Japón
National Institutes of Natural Sciences - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan - Japón
49 Hirao, Yuki Mujer Osaka Univ - Japón
Osaka University - Japón
50 Itow, Yoshitaka Hombre Nagoya Univ - Japón
Nagoya University - Japón
51 Kawasaki, K. - Osaka Univ - Japón
Osaka University - Japón
52 Koshimoto, Naoki Hombre Osaka Univ - Japón
Osaka University - Japón
53 Li, M. C. A. - UNIV AUCKLAND - Nueva Zelanda
The University of Auckland - Nueva Zelanda
53 Li, M. C.A. - The University of Auckland - Nueva Zelanda
54 Ling, C. H. - Massey Univ - Nueva Zelanda
Massey University Auckland - Nueva Zelanda
55 Masuda, K. - Nagoya Univ - Japón
Nagoya University - Japón
56 Matsubara, Yutaka Hombre Nagoya Univ - Japón
Nagoya University - Japón
57 Miyazaki, S. Hombre Osaka Univ - Japón
Osaka University - Japón
58 Muraki, Yasushi Hombre Nagoya Univ - Japón
Nagoya University - Japón
59 Nagakane, M. Hombre Osaka Univ - Japón
Osaka University - Japón
60 Ohnishi, K. - Nagano Natl Coll Technol - Japón
National Institute of Technology, Nagano College - Japón
61 Ranc, C. Hombre NASA - Estados Unidos
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center - Estados Unidos
62 Rattenbury, N. Hombre UNIV AUCKLAND - Nueva Zelanda
University of Auckland - Nueva Zelanda
The University of Auckland - Nueva Zelanda
63 Saito, To - Tokyo Metropolitan Coll Aeronaut - Japón
Tokyo Metropolitan College of Industrial Technology - Japón
64 Sharan, A. - UNIV AUCKLAND - Nueva Zelanda
University of Auckland - Nueva Zelanda
The University of Auckland - Nueva Zelanda
65 Sullivan, D. J. - Victoria Univ - Nueva Zelanda
Victoria University of Wellington - Nueva Zelanda
66 Sumi, Takahiro Hombre Osaka Univ - Japón
Osaka University - Japón
67 Suzuki, D. Hombre NASA - Estados Unidos
Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy - Japón
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center - Estados Unidos
JAXA Institute of Space and Astronautical Science - Japón
68 Tristram, P. J. - Univ Canterbury Mt John Observ - Nueva Zelanda
University of Canterbury - Nueva Zelanda
70 Yamada, T. Hombre Kyoto Sangyo Univ - Japón
Osaka Univ - Japón
Kyoto Sangyo University - Japón
Osaka University - Japón
71 Yonehara, Atsunori - Kyoto Sangyo Univ - Japón
Kyoto Sangyo University - Japón
72 Santos, W. A. Hombre Univ Warsaw Observ - Polonia
CALTECH - Estados Unidos
University of Warsaw - Polonia
Jet Propulsion Laboratory - Estados Unidos
California Institute of Technology - Estados Unidos
73 Howell, S. Hombre NASA - Estados Unidos
NASA Ames Research Center - Estados Unidos
74 Jacklin, S. - Vanderbilt Univ - Estados Unidos
Vanderbilt University - Estados Unidos
75 Turk, Matthew Hombre OHIO STATE UNIV - Estados Unidos
The Ohio State University - Estados Unidos
76 Mao, Shude - Tsinghua Univ - China
CASSACA - China
UNIV MANCHESTER - Reino Unido
Tsinghua University - China
National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences - China
University of Manchester - Reino Unido
The University of Manchester - Reino Unido
77 Fouque, Pascal Hombre CFHT Corp - Estados Unidos
Univ Toulouse - Francia
Canada France Hawaii Telescope Corporation - Estados Unidos
Université de Toulouse - Francia
Télescope Canada-France-Hawaii - Estados Unidos
Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - Francia
78 Wang, T. - Tsinghua Univ - China
Tsinghua University - China
79 Street, Rachel A. Mujer Global Telescope Network - Estados Unidos
Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, Inc - Estados Unidos
80 Tsapras, Yiannis - Heidelberg Univ - Alemania
Astronomisches Rechen-Institut Heidelberg - Alemania
Astronomisches Rechen-Institut - Alemania
81 Hundertmark, Markus Hombre Univ Copenhagen - Dinamarca
Heidelberg Univ - Alemania
Niels Bohr Institute - Dinamarca
Astronomisches Rechen-Institut Heidelberg - Alemania
Niels Bohr Institutet - Dinamarca
Astronomisches Rechen-Institut - Alemania
82 Bachelet, Etienne Hombre Global Telescope Network - Estados Unidos
Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, Inc - Estados Unidos
83 Dominik, Martin Hombre Univ St Andrews - Reino Unido
University of St Andrews - Reino Unido
84 Li, Z. - Global Telescope Network - Estados Unidos
Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, Inc - Estados Unidos
85 Cross, S. - Global Telescope Network - Estados Unidos
Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, Inc - Estados Unidos
86 Cassan, Arnaud - UPMC Univ Paris 6 - Francia
CNRS - Francia
Institut d 'Astrophysique de Paris - Francia
Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris - Francia
87 Horne, Keith Hombre Univ St Andrews - Reino Unido
University of St Andrews - Reino Unido
88 Schmidt, R. - Heidelberg Univ - Alemania
Astronomisches Rechen-Institut - Alemania
89 Wambsganss, J. Hombre Heidelberg Univ - Alemania
Astronomisches Rechen-Institut Heidelberg - Alemania
Astronomisches Rechen-Institut - Alemania
90 Ment, S. K. - Heidelberg Univ - Alemania
Astronomisches Rechen-Institut Heidelberg - Alemania
Astronomisches Rechen-Institut - Alemania
91 Maoz, D. Hombre Tel Aviv Univ - Israel
Tel Aviv University - Israel
92 Snodgrass, Colin Hombre Open Univ - Reino Unido
Open University - Reino Unido
The Open University - Reino Unido
93 Steele, I. A. Hombre Liverpool John Moores Univ - Reino Unido
Liverpool John Moores University - Reino Unido
94 Bozza, Valerio Hombre Univ Salerno - Italia
Ist Nazl Fis Nucl - Italia
Università di Salerno - Italia
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli - Italia
Università degli Studi di Salerno - Italia
95 Burgdorf, Martin J. Hombre UNIV HAMBURG - Alemania
Universität Hamburg - Alemania
96 Ciceri, S. - Stockholm Univ - Suecia
Stockholms universitet - Suecia
97 D'Ago, G. Hombre INAF Osservatorio Astron Capodimonte - Italia
Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte - Italia
98 Evans, Daniel F. Hombre Keele Univ - Reino Unido
Keele University - Reino Unido
99 Hinse, Tobias C. Hombre Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst - Corea del Sur
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute - Corea del Sur
100 Kerins, E. Hombre UNIV MANCHESTER - Reino Unido
University of Manchester - Reino Unido
The University of Manchester - Reino Unido
101 Kokotanekova, R. - Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res - Alemania
Open Univ - Reino Unido
Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research - Alemania
Open University - Reino Unido
The Open University - Reino Unido
102 Longa-Pena, Penelope A. Mujer Universidad de Antofagasta - Chile
103 MacKenzie, J. - Univ Copenhagen - Dinamarca
Niels Bohr Institute - Dinamarca
Niels Bohr Institutet - Dinamarca
104 Popovas, A. - Univ Copenhagen - Dinamarca
Niels Bohr Institute - Dinamarca
Niels Bohr Institutet - Dinamarca
105 Rabus, M. Hombre Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile - Chile
106 Rahvar, Sohrab Hombre Sharif Univ Technol - Iran
Sharif University of Technology - Iran
107 Sajadian, Sedighe Mujer Isfahan Univ Technol - Iran
Isfahan University of Technology - Iran
108 Skottfelt, Jesper Hombre Open Univ - Reino Unido
Open University - Reino Unido
The Open University - Reino Unido
109 Southworth, John Hombre Keele Univ - Reino Unido
Keele University - Reino Unido
110 Bond, I. A. - Massey Univ - Nueva Zelanda
Aarhus Universitet - Dinamarca
110 von Essen, C. - Aarhus Univ - Dinamarca
111 KMTNET Collaboration Corporación
112 Spitzer Team Corporación
113 OGLE Collaboration Corporación
114 MOA Collaboration Corporación
115 UKIRT Microlensing Team Corporación
116 CFHT-K2C9 Microlensing Survey Grp Corporación
117 ROBONET TEAM Corporación
118 MiNDSTEp Team Corporación

Muestra la afiliación y género (detectado) para los co-autores de la publicación.

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Citas identificadas: Las citas provienen de documentos incluidos en la base de datos de DATACIENCIA

Citas Identificadas: 5.88 %
Citas No-identificadas: 94.12 %

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Financiamiento



Fuente
National Natural Science Foundation of China
National science foundation of China
National Science Foundation
US NSF
National Research Foundation of Korea
Chinese Academy of Sciences
JSPS KAKENHI
NASA
STFC
Science and Technology Facilities Council
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Narodowe Centrum Nauki
University of Arizona
National Astronomical Observatories of China
National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences
California Institute of Technology
NASA Exoplanet Science Institute
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Science and Technology Facilities Council of the UK
Ministry of Finance
Special Fund for Astronomy from the Ministry of Finance
NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program
Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center
Universities Space Research Association
NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center
JPL
USRA
NASA HQ for the UKIRT K2 C9
University of Arizona, and Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center
Chinese Academy of Sciences (the Strategic Priority Research Program "The Emergence of Cosmological Structures")
NASA and operated under an agreement among the University of Hawaii
NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
Joint Astronomy Centre of the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the UK
National Science Centre, Poland, MAESTRO

Muestra la fuente de financiamiento declarada en la publicación.

Agradecimientos



Agradecimiento
The work by W.Z., Y.K.J., and A.G. were supported by AST-1516842 from the US NSF. W.Z., I.G.S., and A.G. were supported by JPL grant 1500811. This research has made use of the KMTNet system operated by the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) and the data were obtained at three host sites of CTIO in Chile, SAAO in South Africa, and SSO in Australia. The work by C.H. was supported by the grant (2017R1A4A101517) of National Research Foundation of Korea. The OGLE project has received funding from the National Science Centre, Poland, grant MAESTRO 2014/14/A/ST9/00121 to A.U. The MOA project is supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JSPS24253004, JSPS26247023, JSPS23340064, JSPS15H00781, and JP16H06287. The work by C.R. was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by USRA through a contract with NASA. The work by Y.S. was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, administered by the Universities Space Research Association through a contract with NASA. The United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (UKIRT) is supported by NASA and operated under an agreement among the University of Hawaii, the University of Arizona, and Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center; operations are enabled through the cooperation of the Joint Astronomy Centre of the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the UK. We acknowledge the support from NASA HQ for the UKIRT observations in connection with K2 C9. This research uses data obtained through the Telescope Access Program (TAP), which has been funded by the National Astronomical Observatories of China, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (the Strategic Priority Research Program "The Emergence of Cosmological Structures" grant No. XDB09000000), and the Special Fund for Astronomy from the Ministry of Finance. Based on observations obtained with MegaPrime/MegaCam, a joint project of CFHT and CEA/DAPNIA, at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) which is operated by the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada, the Institut National des Science de l'Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) of France, and the University of Hawaii. This work was performed in part under contract with the California Institute of Technology (Caltech)/Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) funded by NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program executed by the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. The work by M.T.P. and B.S.G. was supported by NASA grant NNX16AC62G. This work was partly supported by the National Science Foundation of China (grant No. 11333003, 11390372 to S. M.). K.H. acknowledges support from STFC grant ST/M001296/1. This work makes use of observations from the LCOGT network, which includes three SUPAscopes owned by the University of St. Andrews. The RoboNet programme is an LCO Key Project using time allocations from the University of St. Andrews, LCOGT, and the University of Heidelberg together with time on the Liverpool Telescope through the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), UK. This research has made use of the LCO Archive, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the Las Cumbres Observatory. The work by S.R. and S.S. was supported by INSF-95843339.
The work by W.Z., Y.K.J., and A.G. were supported by AST-1516842 from the US NSF. W.Z., I.G.S., and A.G. were supported by JPL grant 1500811. This research has made use of the KMTNet system operated by the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) and the data were obtained at three host sites of CTIO in Chile, SAAO in South Africa, and SSO in Australia. The work by C.H. was supported by the grant (2017R1A4A101517) of National Research Foundation of Korea. The OGLE project has received funding from the National Science Centre, Poland, grant MAESTRO 2014/14/ A/ST9/00121 to A.U. The MOA project is supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JSPS24253004, JSPS26247023, JSPS23340064, JSPS15H00781, and JP16H06287. The work by C.R. was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by USRA through a contract with NASA. The work by Y.S. was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, administered by the Universities Space Research Association through a contract with NASA. The United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (UKIRT) is supported by NASA and operated under an agreement among the University of Hawaii, the University of Arizona, and Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center; operations are enabled through the cooperation of the Joint Astronomy Centre of the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the UK. We acknowledge the support from NASA HQ for the UKIRT observations in connection with K2 C9. This research uses data obtained through the Telescope Access Program (TAP), which has been funded by the National Astronomical Observatories of China, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (the Strategic Priority Research Program “The Emergence of Cosmological Structures” grant No. XDB09000000), and the Special Fund for Astronomy from the Ministry of Finance. Based on observations obtained with MegaPrime/MegaCam, a joint project of CFHT and CEA/ DAPNIA, at the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) which is operated by the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada, the Institut National des Science de l’Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) of France, and the University of Hawaii. This work was performed in part under contract with the California Institute of Technology (Caltech)/Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) funded by NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program executed by the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. The work by M.T.P. and B.S.G. was supported by NASA grant NNX16AC62G. This work was partly supported by the National Science Foundation of China (grant No. 11333003, 11390372 to S.M.). K.H. acknowledges support from STFC grant ST/M001296/1. This work makes use of observations from the LCOGT network, which includes three SUPAscopes owned by the University of St. Andrews. The RoboNet programme is an LCO Key Project using time allocations from the University of St. Andrews, LCOGT, and the University of Heidelberg together with time on the Liverpool Telescope through the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), UK. This research has made use of the LCO Archive, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the Las Cumbres Observatory. The work by S.R. and S.S. was supported by INSF-95843339.

Muestra la fuente de financiamiento declarada en la publicación.