The article offers a panoramic study, which addresses the possible causes of indigenous ethno-territorial demands in Chile, generated in the last twenty-five years. To achieve this goal, a multiple case study based on a variety of information sources was carried out. In the field of analysis, the study relied on both the theoretical-methodological contributions of political science and the conceptual models of social anthropology. In this way, the work aims to formulate an initial map of these demands in various indigenous areas of the country. The results of the analysis show a diversity of ethnic discourses: while the Mapuches, Diaguitas and Rapa Nuis present political positions of dissent, the Aymaras and Atacamenos hold consociational discourses. The research concludes that these demands are explained by national and regional factors.