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| DOI | 10.1051/0004-6361/202553807 | ||||
| Año | 2025 | ||||
| Tipo | artículo de investigación |
Citas Totales
Autores Afiliación Chile
Instituciones Chile
% Participación
Internacional
Autores
Afiliación Extranjera
Instituciones
Extranjeras
We present new time delays, the main ingredient of time delay cosmography, for 22 lensed quasars resulting from high-cadence r-band monitoring on the 2.6 m ESO VLT Survey Telescope and Max-Planck-Gesellschaft 2.2 m telescope. Each lensed quasar was typically monitored for one to four seasons, often shared between the two telescopes to mitigate the interruptions forced by the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample of targets consists of 19 quadruply and 3 doubly imaged quasars, which received a total of 1918 hours of on-sky time split into 21 581 wide-field frames, each 320 seconds long. In a given field, the 5-sigma depth of the combined exposures typically reaches the 27(th) magnitude, while that of single visits is 24.5 mag - similar to the expected depth of the upcoming Vera-Rubin LSST. The fluxes of the different lensed images of the targets were reliably de-blended, providing not only light curves with photometric precision down to the photon noise limit, but also high-resolution models of the targets whose features and astrometry were systematically confirmed in Hubble Space Telescope imaging. This was made possible thanks to a new photometric pipeline, lightcurver, and the forward modelling method STARRED. Finally, the time delays between pairs of curves and their uncertainties were estimated, taking into account the degeneracy due to microlensing, and for the first time the full covariance matrices of the delay pairs are provided. Of note, this survey, with 13 square degrees, has applications beyond that of time delays, such as the study of the structure function of the multiple high-redshift quasars present in the footprint at a new high in terms of both depth and frequency. The reduced images will be available through the European Southern Observatory Science Portal.
| Ord. | Autor | Género | Institución - País |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dux, F. | - |
European Southern Observ - Chile
Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne EPFL - Suiza European Southern Observatory Santiago - Chile Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne - Suiza |
| 2 | Millon, M. | Hombre |
Stanford Univ - Estados Unidos
Swiss Fed Inst Technol - Suiza Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology - Estados Unidos ETH Zurich - Suiza |
| 3 | Galan, A. | - |
Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne EPFL - Suiza
TECH UNIV MUNICH - Alemania Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne - Suiza Technische Universität München - Alemania |
| 4 | Paic, E. | - |
Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne EPFL - Suiza
Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne - Suiza |
| 5 | Lemon, C. | Hombre |
Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne EPFL - Suiza
Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne - Suiza |
| 6 | Courbin, Fred | Hombre |
Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne EPFL - Suiza
Univ Barcelona - España ICREA - España Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne - Suiza Universitat de Barcelona - España Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats - España |
| 7 | Bonvin, V. | Mujer |
Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne EPFL - Suiza
Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne - Suiza |
| 8 | ANGUITA-AVARIA, TIMO | Hombre |
Universidad Nacional Andrés Bello - Chile
Instituto Milenio de Astrofísica - Chile |
| 9 | Auger, Matthew W. | Hombre |
UNIV CAMBRIDGE - Reino Unido
Institute of Astronomy - Reino Unido University of Cambridge - Reino Unido |
| 10 | Birrer, Simon | Hombre |
SUNY Stony Brook - Estados Unidos
Stony Brook University - Estados Unidos |
| 11 | Buckley-Geer, E. J. | Mujer |
Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab - Estados Unidos
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos |
| 12 | Fassnacht, C. D. | Hombre |
UNIV CALIF DAVIS - Estados Unidos
University of California, Davis - Estados Unidos |
| 13 | Frieman, J. | Hombre |
Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab - Estados Unidos
UNIV CHICAGO - Estados Unidos Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory - Estados Unidos The Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics - Estados Unidos |
| 14 | McMahon, Richard | Hombre |
UNIV CAMBRIDGE - Reino Unido
Institute of Astronomy - Reino Unido University of Cambridge - Reino Unido |
| 15 | Marshall, P. | Hombre |
Stanford Univ - Estados Unidos
Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology - Estados Unidos |
| 16 | Melo, A. | - |
TECH UNIV MUNICH - Alemania
Technische Universität München - Alemania |
| 17 | Motta, V. | - |
Universidad de Valparaíso - Chile
|
| 18 | Neira, Favio | - |
Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne EPFL - Suiza
Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne - Suiza |
| 19 | Sluse, Dominique | - |
Univ Liege - Bélgica
Universite de Liege - Bélgica |
| 20 | Suyu, Sherry H. | Mujer |
TECH UNIV MUNICH - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Astrophys - Alemania Acad Sinica - Taiwán Technische Universität München - Alemania Max Planck Institute for Astronomy - Alemania Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics - Taiwán |
| 21 | Treu, Tommaso | Hombre |
UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES - Estados Unidos
University of California, Los Angeles - Estados Unidos |
| 22 | Agnello, A. | Hombre |
Scitech Daresbury - Reino Unido
Univ Copenhagen - Dinamarca STFC Hartree Centre - Reino Unido Niels Bohr Institutet - Dinamarca |
| 23 | Avila, F. | - |
Universidad de Valparaíso - Chile
|
| 24 | Chan, J. | - |
CUNY - Estados Unidos
AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST - Estados Unidos Lehman College - Estados Unidos American Museum of Natural History - Estados Unidos |
| 25 | Chijani, M. | - |
Universidad Nacional Andrés Bello - Chile
|
| 26 | ROJAS-PATUELLI, KARINA HORTENSIA | Mujer |
Univ Portsmouth - Reino Unido
University of Portsmouth - Reino Unido |
| 27 | Hempel, Angela | Mujer |
Universidad Nacional Andrés Bello - Chile
Max Planck Inst Astron - Alemania Max Planck Institute for Astronomy - Alemania |
| 28 | Hempel, Maren | Mujer |
Universidad Nacional Andrés Bello - Chile
Max Planck Inst Astron - Alemania Max Planck Institute for Astronomy - Alemania |
| 29 | Kim, S. | - |
Max Planck Inst Astron - Alemania
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy - Alemania |
| 30 | Eigenthaler, Paul | Hombre |
Max Planck Inst Astron - Alemania
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile - Chile Max Planck Institute for Astronomy - Alemania |
| 31 | Lachaume, Regis | Hombre |
Max Planck Inst Astron - Alemania
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile - Chile Max Planck Institute for Astronomy - Alemania |
| 32 | Rabus, M. | - |
Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción - Chile
|
| Fuente |
|---|
| National Science Foundation |
| Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico |
| Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción |
| European Research Council |
| Millennium Science Initiative |
| Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) |
| African Mathematics Millennium Science Initiative |
| Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung |
| H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions |
| European Space Agency |
| European Southern Observatory |
| Horizon 2020 Framework Programme |
| European Research Council (ERC) under the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme |
| Centro de Astrofisica de Valparaiso |
| Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie |
| Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium |
| University of California, Davis |
| ANID Fondecyt |
| Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo |
| ANID Millennium Science Initiative |
| ANID Basal Project |
| ANIDFONDECYT |
| Diabetes Patient Advocacy Coalition |
| ANID-FONDECYT Regular Project |
| European Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation programme |
| European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme |
| SNSF (Swiss National Science Foundation) |
| UC Davis College of Letters and Sciences |
| Direccion de Investigacion of the Universidad Catolica de la Santisima Concepcion with the project DIREG |
| Thomas Henning |
| Agradecimiento |
|---|
| The access to the 2.2m telescope was made possible through an agreement with the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA): we would like to thank Thomas Henning, Hans-Walter Rix, and Roland Gredel for their help in making the agreement possible. We thank the European Southern Observatory (ESO) for accommodating the use of the VLT Survey Telescope (VST) amid the COVID-19 pandemic constraints. COSMOGRAIL is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) and by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (COSMICLENS: grant agreement No 787886). This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodovska-Curie grant agreement No 101105725. Paul Schechter generously allowed us to add his weekly-spaced points of J0924+0219 captured at the 2p2 to our time-delay estimation. The data analysis was made accessible by the Python ecosystem, relying heavily on libraries such as Numpy (Harris et al. 2020), Scipy (Virtanen et al. 2020), Astropy (Astropy Collaboration 2013, 2018), and Matplotlib (Hunter 2007). Gaia: This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. TA acknowledges support from ANID-FONDECYT Regular Project 1240105, ANID Millennium Science Initiative AIM23-0001 and ANID BASAL project FB210003. Support for MR is provided by the Direccion de Investigacion of the Universidad Catolica de la Santisima Concepcion with the project DIREG 10/2023. MM acknowledges support by the SNSF (Swiss National Science Foundation) through mobility grant P500PT_203114 and return CH grant P5R5PT_225598. CDF acknowledges support for this work from the National Science Foundation under Grant No. AST-2407278 and the UC Davis College of Letters and Sciences. V.M. acknowledges support from ANID FONDECYT Regular grant number 1231418, Millennium Science Initiative, AIM23-0001, and Centro de Astrofisica de Valparaiso CIDI N21. |
| The access to the 2.2m telescope was made possible through an agreement with the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA): we would like to thank Thomas Henning, Hans-Walter Rix, and Roland Gredel for their help in making the agreement possible. We thank the European Southern Observatory (ESO) for accommodating the use of the VLT Survey Telescope (VST) amid the COVID-19 pandemic constraints. COSMOGRAIL is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) and by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (COSMICLENS: grant agreement No 787886). This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodovska-Curie grant agreement No 101105725. Paul Schechter generously allowed us to add his weekly-spaced points of J0924+0219 captured at the 2p2 to our time-delay estimation. The data analysis was made accessible by the Python ecosystem, relying heavily on libraries such as Numpy (Harris et al. 2020), Scipy (Virtanen et al. 2020), Astropy (Astropy Collaboration 2013, 2018), and Matplotlib (Hunter 2007). Gaia: This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www. cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. TA acknowledges support from ANIDFONDECYT Regular Project 1240105, ANID Millennium Science Initiative AIM23-0001 and ANID BASAL project FB210003. Support for MR is provided by the Direcci\u00F3n de Investigaci\u00F3n of the Universidad Cat\u00F3lica de la Sant\u00EDsima Concepci\u00F3n with the project DIREG 10/2023. MM acknowledges support by the SNSF (Swiss National Science Foundation) through mobility grant P500PT-203114 and return CH grant P5R5PT-225598. CDF acknowledges support for this work from the National Science Foundation under Grant No. AST-2407278 and the UC Davis College of Letters and Sciences. V.M. acknowledges support from ANID FONDECYT Regular grant number 1231418, Millennium Science Initiative, AIM23-0001, and Centro de Astrof\u00EDsica de Valpara\u00EDso CIDI N21. |
| The access to the 2.2m telescope was made possible through an agreement with the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA): we would like to thank Thomas Henning, Hans-Walter Rix, and Roland Gredel for their help in making the agreement possible. We thank the European Southern Observatory (ESO) for accommodating the use of the VLT Survey Telescope (VST) amid the COVID-19 pandemic constraints. COSMOGRAIL is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) and by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (COSMICLENS: grant agreement No 787886). This project has received funding from the European Union\u2019s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodovska-Curie grant agreement No 101105725. Paul Schechter generously allowed us to add his weekly-spaced points of J0924+0219 captured at the 2p2 to our time-delay estimation. The data analysis was made accessible by the Python ecosystem, relying heavily on libraries such as Numpy (Harris et al. 2020), Scipy (Virtanen et al. 2020), Astropy (Astropy Collaboration 2013, 2018), and Matplotlib (Hunter 2007). Gaia: This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia ( https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia ), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium ). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. TA acknowledges support from ANID-FONDECYT Regular Project 1240105, ANID Millennium Science Initiative AIM23-0001 and ANID BASAL project FB210003. Support for MR is provided by the Direcci\u00F3n de Investigaci\u00F3n of the Universidad Cat\u00F3lica de la Sant\u00EDsima Concepci\u00F3n with the project DIREG 10/2023. MM acknowledges support by the SNSF (Swiss National Science Foundation) through mobility grant P500PT_203114 and return CH grant P5R5PT_225598. CDF acknowledges support for this work from the National Science Foundation under Grant No. AST-2407278 and the UC Davis College of Letters and Sciences. V.M. acknowledges support from ANID FONDECYT Regular grant number 1231418, Millennium Science Initiative, AIM23-0001, and Centro de Astrof\u00EDsica de Valpara\u00EDso CIDI N21. |