This work analyzes certain historical legal practices associated with collective land ownership and the participation of local ethnic authorities, whose continuity in early property records shaped a distinctive land tenure system in the high Andean Aymara communities of the Tarapaca region in Chile. It argues for the recognition of an Aymara legal framework to address the prevalent indigenous property disputes in the area. The research draws on primary sources contained in historical archives, notarial documents, and property registrations in public records.