From the relational perspective provided by critical geography and Latin American and urban political ecologies, we analyze the case of the Lechiguanas Islands in the Middle Paran & aacute; Delta in Argentina. To do so, we worked with an ethnographic approach with the central objective of studying the social production of space by observing the actors, processes and relationships with the urban-regional productive structure. From this multidimensional lens, we analyze the conflictual process, which materialized in intentional fires and anthropic transformations of the soil through large movements of land for livestock and agro-industrial development; the active and intermittent absence of State control; and the consequent activation of socio-environmental resistance that obtains an unprecedented judicial result for the Paran & aacute; Delta in attention to the pro-natura principle. A fundamental antecedent for the rights of nature in Argentina. It is concluded that extractivism is the expression of a systemic process that responds to a class-conscious power matrix, which produces and increases multi-scale inequalities. Likewise, hegemonic movements are contested by different forms of resistance, outlining other narratives, ways of living and producing.