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Virtual Flux Control Methods for Grid-Forming Converters: A Four-Method Comparison
Indexado
WoS WOS:001487439000001
Scopus SCOPUS_ID:105004908873
DOI 10.3390/APP15095157
Año 2025
Tipo artículo de investigación

Citas Totales

Autores Afiliación Chile

Instituciones Chile

% Participación
Internacional

Autores
Afiliación Extranjera

Instituciones
Extranjeras


Abstract



The increasing penetration of renewable energy generation in recent years has introduced significant changes and challenges to modern power systems. One of the most critical challenges is the reduction in system inertia, which decreases grid stability and subsequently weakens the electrical network. To address this issue, grid-forming (GFM) converters have emerged as a promising solution to maintain stability in weak grids. This paper proposes three novel control schemes for GFM converters and compares them with the performance of another topology recently published by the same authors. The four evaluated control schemes are based on the virtual flux variable which allows current limiting without using internal current loops, improving the stability of the control system. The assessment includes methods based on PI regulators, using the mathematical flatness property of differential algebra, direct control (DC), and model predictive control (MPC). The results demonstrate the robustness and correct operation of all four control strategies as GFM converters. Furthermore, through tests involving disturbances such as frequency variations, voltage sags, phase jumps, and transitions to islanded mode, their differences in terms of dynamic response, switching frequency, and current quality are clearly evidenced.

Revista



Revista ISSN
Applied Sciences Basel 2076-3417

Métricas Externas



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Disciplinas de Investigación



WOS
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Physics, Applied
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Scopus
Sin Disciplinas
SciELO
Sin Disciplinas

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Publicaciones WoS (Ediciones: ISSHP, ISTP, AHCI, SSCI, SCI), Scopus, SciELO Chile.

Colaboración Institucional



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Autores - Afiliación



Ord. Autor Género Institución - País
1 Fernandez, Juan Dolado - Univ Carlos III Madrid - España
Universidad Carlos III de Madrid - España
2 Eloy-Garcia, Joaquin - Ingenia Power Solut SL - España
3 Gomez, Santiago Arnaltes - Univ Carlos III Madrid - España
Universidad Carlos III de Madrid - España
4 Kouro, Samir - Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María - Chile
5 Renaudineau, Hugues - Universidad San Sebastián - Chile
6 Amenedo, Jose Luis Rodriguez - Univ Carlos III Madrid - España
Universidad Carlos III de Madrid - España

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Financiamiento



Fuente
AC3E
SERC Chile
Agencia Estatal de Investigación
Spanish Research Agency
Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo
Systems Engineering Research Center

Muestra la fuente de financiamiento declarada en la publicación.

Agradecimientos



Agradecimiento
This research was supported by the Spanish Research Agency under Grant TED2021-130468B-I00 MCIN/AEI/MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. NextGenerationEU/PRTR: CONTRIBUTION OF GRID FORMING CONVERTERS TO POWER SYSTEMS STABILITY AND OPERABILITY WITH HIGH PENETRATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES (GFM-RES). This work was also supported, in part, by the following projects from the Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (ANID): AC3E (ANID/Basal/AFB240002), SERC Chile (ANID/FONDAP/1523A0006).
This research was supported by the Spanish Research Agency under Grant TED2021-130468B-I00 MCIN/AEI/MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. NextGenerationEU/PRTR: CONTRIBUTION OF GRID FORMING CONVERTERS TO POWER SYSTEMS STABILITY AND OPERABILITY WITH HIGH PENETRATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES (GFM-RES). This work was also supported, in part, by the following projects from the Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (ANID): AC3E (ANID/Basal/AFB240002), SERC Chile (ANID/FONDAP/1523A0006).

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