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| DOI | 10.3390/IJMS26115123 | ||||
| Año | 2025 | ||||
| Tipo | artículo de investigación |
Citas Totales
Autores Afiliación Chile
Instituciones Chile
% Participación
Internacional
Autores
Afiliación Extranjera
Instituciones
Extranjeras
This article discloses the synthesis of four new positional isomeric zwitterionic ligands exhibiting semi-flexible and flexible characteristics-n-pyridinium-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxy-5-Acetate (n-PTCA), and n-methylpyridinium-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxy-5-Acetate (n-MPTCA; where n = 3, 4)-which were derived from an aqueous solution of the corresponding sodium salts in an acidic medium (HCl). These compounds are successfully synthesized and characterized with FT-IR and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy; likewise, proper single crystals are obtained for each compound. All compounds adopt zwitterionic forms in the solid state, which are stabilized via intermolecular proton transfer processes involving HCl and solvent molecules. A single-crystal X-ray analysis revealed how positional isomerism and molecular flexibility influence the supramolecular topology. Specifically, 3-PTCA and 4-PTCA exhibit isomorphic hydrogen bond networks, while 3-MPTCA and 4-MPTCA display distinct packing motifs, attributed to the presence of a methylene spacer between the pyridinium and triazole rings. The Hirshfeld surface analysis quantitatively confirmed the dominance of O<middle dot><middle dot><middle dot>H/H<middle dot><middle dot><middle dot>O and N<middle dot><middle dot><middle dot>H/H<middle dot><middle dot><middle dot>N interactions in the solid-state architecture. These strong hydrogen-bonding networks are indicative of the potential proton-conductive behavior in the crystalline state, positioning these compounds as promising candidates for applications in proton-conducting materials. The structural insights gained underscore the pivotal role of molecular topology in tailoring crystal packing, with implications for the rational design of zwitterionic ligands in functional materials, including MOFs and coordination polymers. The calculated HOMO-LUMO energy gaps reveal a significant electronic variability among the ligands, influenced primarily by the positional isomerism and structural flexibility introduced by the methylene spacer.
| Ord. | Autor | Género | Institución - País |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Delgado, Gerzon E. | - |
Universidad de Los Andes, Chile - Venezuela
Universidad De Los Andes Facultad de Ciencias - Venezuela |
| 2 | Cisterna, Jonathan | Hombre |
Universidad Católica del Norte - Chile
|
| 3 | Llanos, Jaime | - |
Universidad Católica del Norte - Chile
|
| 4 | Pulido, Ruth | - |
Universidad de Antofagasta - Chile
UNIV AUTONOMA MADRID - España Instituto Universitario de Ciencia de Materiales Nicolás Cabrera - España |
| 5 | Naveas, Nelson | - |
UNIV AUTONOMA MADRID - España
Universidad de Antofagasta - Chile Instituto Universitario de Ciencia de Materiales Nicolás Cabrera - España Universidad Autónoma de Madrid - España |
| 6 | Narea, Pilar | - |
Universidad de Antofagasta - Chile
|
| 7 | Amo-Ochoa, Pilar | - |
UNIV AUTONOMA MADRID - España
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid - España |
| 8 | Zamora, Felix | - |
UNIV AUTONOMA MADRID - España
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid - España IFIMAC-Condensed Matter Physics Center - España |
| 9 | Leon, Yasna | - |
Universidad de Antofagasta - Chile
|
| 10 | BRITO-BOBADILLA, IVAN LEANDRO | Hombre |
Universidad de Antofagasta - Chile
|
| Fuente |
|---|
| MINEDUC-UA |
| Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico |
| Universidad de Antofagasta |
| Universidad Autónoma de Madrid |
| MINEDUC-UA project |
| Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cientifico y Tecnologico [FONDECYT (Chile)] |
| Fondequip EQM |
| VRIIP-UA |
| ANID (Chile) |
| Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo |
| Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Innovación y Postgrado |
| National Program of Sciences and Technological Materials |
| Vicerrectoria de Investigacion, Innovacion y Postgrado (VRIIP-UA) |
| MCINN/AEI under the National Program of Sciences and Technological Materials |
| Direccion de Gestion de la investigacion (DGI-UA) of the Universidad de Antofagasta, Chile |
| Agradecimiento |
|---|
| The authors thank ANID for the financial support from "Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cientifico y Tecnologico [FONDECYT (Chile), grant n degrees. 1210689 and 1170256 and FONDEQUIP EQM, grant n degrees 130021, 180024, and 210029] (I. Brito). This work was partially carried out by Ivan Brito Bobadilla during a visit to the Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, supported by the MINEDUC-UA project, code: ANT 22991. This work has been supported by MCINN/AEI/10.13039/5011000011033 under the National Program of Sciences and Technological Materials [Grant n degrees PID2022-138968NB-C21 and TED2021-131132B-C22] (P.Amo-Ocho; F.Zamora). The authors also acknowledge Vicerrectoria de Investigacion, Innovacion y Postgrado (VRIIP-UA) and Direccion de Gestion de la investigacion (DGI-UA) of the Universidad de Antofagasta, Chile for the financial support [grant SEM-18]. P. Narea thanks ANID (Chile) for their support of a graduate fellowship (n degrees. 21190030). This work was partially related to G.E. Delgado's visit at the Universidad de Antofagasta, supported by MINEDUC-UA project, code ANT 1856. |
| The authors thank ANID for the financial support from \u201CFondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient\u00EDfico y Tecnol\u00F3gico [FONDECYT (Chile), grant n\u00B0. 1210689 and 1170256 and FONDEQUIP EQM, grant n\u00B0 130021, 180024, and 210029] (I. Brito). This work was partially carried out by Iv\u00E1n Brito Bobadilla during a visit to the Universidad Aut\u00F3noma de Madrid, supported by the MINEDUC-UA project, code: ANT 22991. This work has been supported by MCINN/AEI/10.13039/5011000011033 under the National Program of Sciences and Technological Materials [ Grant n\u00B0 PID2022\u2013138968NB-C21 and TED2021\u2013131132B\u2013C22] (P.Amo-Ocho; F.Zamora). The authors also acknowledge Vicerrector\u00EDa de Investigaci\u00F3n, Innovaci\u00F3n y Postgrado (VRIIP-UA) and Direcci\u00F3n de Gesti\u00F3n de la investigaci\u00F3n (DGI-UA) of the Universidad de Antofagasta, Chile for the financial support [grant SEM-18]. P. Narea thanks ANID (Chile) for their support of a graduate fellowship (n\u00B0. 21190030). This work was partially related to G.E. Delgado\u2019s visit at the Universidad de Antofagasta, supported by MINEDUC-UA project, code ANT 1856. |