In the field of contemporary social neuroscience, the perception of human nature covers a wide spectrum ranging from selfishness to innate goodness. From this perspective, the exploration of prosocial behavior is introduced, which is based on the understanding of how individuals can manifest altruistic or collaborative behaviors along a continuum that oscillates between the search for their own benefits and the innate desire to help others. The interrelationship between prosocial behavior and empathy becomes a key point of study, since both dimensions are intrinsically connected in the way individuals interact and relate to each other in society. Understanding how these two facets intertwine allows us to better appreciate the complexity of human nature and its influence on social dynamics.