The Typus Melancholicus (TM) is a pre-melancholic personality structure, defined by Tellenbach and Kraus and characterized by the orderliness, conscientiousness, norm orientation and intolerance of ambiguity. This study aims to discriminate the existence of a subgroup TM, among a unipolar depressive population. In order to prove the existence of this subgroup, we translated and administrated the Criteria for Typus Melancholicus (CTM) to a sample of 20 unipolar patients and 20 control participants. The research hypothesis was to find a similar proportion to the one observed in the literature (50 % of TM in the unipolar sample). The results demonstrate, as expected, that half of the unipolar sample belongs to a homogeneous subgroup that displays the TM features. Furthermore, no control subjects displays the TM features. Those results suggest that the TM features design a coherent and typical psychopathological structure that can be found in an important proportion of unipolar depressive population. Our study identifies and confirms the existence of a distinct heterogeneity (TM/no TM) inside the unipolar group. This distinction opens the door to some important perspectives in terms of therapy. (C) 2017 Societe Francaise de Psychologie. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.