The global market for lithium carbonate and lithium oxide is analysed for the period 2010–2019, establishing comparisons between Chile and the main exporters of this product. For this purpose, the indicators of competitiveness, Constant Market Share and Revealed Comparative Advantage are used. It was determined that Chile, despite the increase of its exports, is losing competitiveness in the main markets. Therefore, to face future increases in the demand for the mineral, it is advisable to accelerate the implementation of policies that facilitate the exploitation and stimulate the participation of companies in a more open, transparent and competitive market.