This article analyzes the role of female researchers and university professors of social sciences in Chile since 1990. Its objectives are to investigate the importance of feminist movements for the emergence of the gender perspective and the opening of academic institutions to women s presence, and to characterize the working conditions of Chilean social scientists. The methodology used was a systematic review, which produced a sociohistorical analysis of the democratic transition in its connection with feminist movements, demographic transformations, and rearticulation of Chilean social sciences. We analyze the assertion of neoliberal logics in universities (2000 2010) and discuss the rearticulation between the demands of feminist movements and criticism of androcentrism in Chilean social sciences (2010 2023). The article s original contribution consists of putting quantitative, qualitative, and historical studies in dialogue with one another, opening new interpretative veins on gender inequality in science and higher education in Chile.