Objective: To determine the association between psychosocial risk, fear-avoidance beliefs and disability in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain (CLBP). Patients and methods: Cross-sectional analytical study. Patients between 18 and 70 years old with DLCI greater than six months were recruited. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires in the first session. The dependent variable was psychosocial risk and was assessed with the STarT Back Screening Tool (SBST). Disability, fear-avoidance beliefs about work and physical activity were the explanatory variables. A binomial logistic regression model with the forward method was used to obtain an adjusted estimate of the probability of psychosocial risk. Results: 85 patients with DLCI (age = 42 ± 11; 53 % women) were included. The prevalence rates of high, medium, and low risk according to SBST were 16.47 %, 45.88 % and 37.64 %, respectively. The results of the logistic regression model indicated that there is a positive association between fear-avoidance beliefs associated with work and disability. Odds ratios indicated that the greater the disability (OR = 1.21; 95 % CI = 1.00-1.47) and fear-avoidance beliefs associated with work (OR = 1.13; 95 % CI = 1.06-1.20), the greater the probability of psychosocial risk. Conclusions: The presence of psychosocial risk in patients with DLCI was positively associated with fear-avoidance beliefs about work and disability. More evidence is needed before the findings can be translated into physical therapy settings.