The Antofagasta region is located within the Atacama Desert of northern Chile. This region is facing a severe scarcity of water, with water availability below the threshold considered necessary for sustainable development. Nonetheless, with its population of about 700,000 inhabitants, Antofagasta is the second-largest contributor to the Chilean economy with some of the world’s largest copper mines and a growing lithium industry. This chapter presents the technological response that has been implemented at the regional level to address the water scarcity challenge, highlighting the installed capacities of seawater desalination plants as sources of water for the industrial and urban sectors as well as the growing implementation of wastewater treatment for reuse.