Martín Chambi has been internationally recognized as the first Indigenous photographer and one of the best 20th-century photographers. His work has been considered one of the most significant expressions of the Quechua and mestizo culture of Peru, especially in the surroundings of Cusco. However, the present article aims to approach his work from a new perspective, namely the unpublished photographic corpus that Martín Chambi produced in Chile during his 1936 visit. Firstly, we will analyze this artist’s work outside of his traditional context, we will also give an account of his facing a different culture from his own and examine the critical response he received in Chile, all this being framed into his work’s duality, which sits between art and social documents. Secondly, we will approach the issue of his working methodology, which takes shape through the study of the human type, a method that becomes evident when analyzing interviews he gave in Chile, where he sets forth the purpose of his visit, as much as when studying the Chilean photographic corpus. Finally, we will analyze the way he tackles the issue of the Chilean landscape, which, alongside the study of the human type, shows us a foreign Chambi, estranged from his original culture, an aspect that allows him to build up a discourse that vindicates the indigenous culture which transcends borders y ethnicities, all of this done through image.