Introduction: Non-specific low back pain (NSLP) is a global cause of disability influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors, where aspects such as kinesiophobia, catastrophizing, and self-efficacy affect clinical outcomes. Objective: To analyze the effects of stability exercises on pain and psychological factors in people with NSLP. Methodology: A search was performed in the EBSCO, Scopus, WOS, and PubMed databases, selecting randomized controlled trials evaluated with the PEDro and ROB 2 scales. A random-effects meta-analysis synthesized the results on pain and psychological factors. Results: From 923 records, 17 studies with 1,016 participants (mean age 45.19 years) were included. Meta-analysis showed that stability exercises reduce pain (SMD=-0.7), improve kinesiophobia (SMD=-0.5), decrease catastrophizing (SMD = -0.4), and increase self-efficacy (SMD=0.6), although without consistently outperforming other interventions. Moderate to high heterogeneity was observed. Conclusions: Stability exercises effectively alleviate pain and improve psychological factors in NSLP, but do not outperform other interventions. Robust, long-term studies are required to confirm and optimize their clinical use.