Introduction: workplace bullying is a growing phenomenon that negatively impacts the mental health of workers and increases absenteeism. The objective of this systematic review is to identify research on workplace bullying in the academic context between 2019 and 2024, analyzing its effects on mental health and the effectiveness of institutional policies to prevent it. Method: PRISMA guidelines for systematic review were applied, using Web of Science, PubMed and ProQuest databases. 10 were analyzed in relation to their main findings, methodologies, samples and limitations. Results: there is a high prevalence of workplace bullying in the academic environment, which is associated with the quality of life and mental health of those affected. Women would be the most affected, showing significant symptoms of depression and anxiety. In addition, needs were identified in the development of institutional policies to address bullying. Conclusions: workplace bullying affects both the mental and physical health of workers with an impact on the quality of life of people and the productivity of institutions. It is necessary to implement policies to prevent harassment, as they have proven to be a good way to reduce its incidence.