The main objective of this article is thought about the "long sixties" in Latin America (1959-1973), based on the analysis of some political and intellectual events that took place on the continent during the fifties. These events not only had projection but also strength and intensity during the sixties and seventies as a result of the deepening Cold War in Latin America, beginning with Cuban Revolution in 1959. We propose to expand the analyses generally conducted on the "long sixties" by taking into consideration those early readings of the Cold War in Latin America, focusing in political and intellectual events linked to left-wing fields from the mid-20th century onward