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A Be star that turned bright and blue during a major outburst
Indexado
WoS WOS:001416005600010
Scopus SCOPUS_ID:85217544610
DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/202452792
Año 2025
Tipo artículo de investigación

Citas Totales

Autores Afiliación Chile

Instituciones Chile

% Participación
Internacional

Autores
Afiliación Extranjera

Instituciones
Extranjeras


Abstract



Context. Classical Be stars are rapidly rotating B-type stars exhibiting Balmer emission lines originating from circumstellar Keplerian gaseous disks, which likely form through episodic mass-ejection events. The currently favored model for Be star disks is the viscous decretion disk (VDD) model. However, the mechanism behind the mass ejection process during the formation of a VDD is a mystery. Aims. We present peculiar behavior of the Be star KIC 9715425, which exhibited several minor outbursts (MIBs) and one major outburst (MAB) observed as brightenings in broadband photometry, as well as transient H alpha line emission. The variability may provide valuable keys to understanding the nature of Be outbursts. Methods. Based on Kepler, the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN) and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite time-series photometry, the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope spectroscopy, multi-wavelength observations in the near-ultraviolet (NUV) from the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) and optical from Gaia, Xinglong 2.16 m telescope and Isaac Newton Telescope of KIC 9715425 covering its outbursts, we determined fundamental parameters of the central star and the circumstellar disk. A frequency analysis and spectral modeling were carried out to characterize the events. Results. During the major outburst, we find a 36% flux increase in the GALEX NUV band compared to 25% in the Kepler band, suggesting that whatever produced the flux increase should be hotter than the central B-type star. This is contradictory to the conventional scenario that the VDD should be cooler. In addition, such a high flux increase can only be accounted for by a luminous disk, which should produce a much stronger H alpha emission than observed. The origin of this anomalously hot component remains unexplained. Conclusions. Except for the bluing, the available observations of KIC 9715425 are perfectly compatible with being a normal Be star. If the bluing was physically related to the MAB, the most economical effort to identify the nature of the underlying process could be adaptive NUV and far-ultraviolet monitoring of Be stars with cyclically repeating MABs.

Revista



Revista ISSN
Astronomy & Astrophysics 0004-6361

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Disciplinas de Investigación



WOS
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Scopus
Sin Disciplinas
SciELO
Sin Disciplinas

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Publicaciones WoS (Ediciones: ISSHP, ISTP, AHCI, SSCI, SCI), Scopus, SciELO Chile.

Colaboración Institucional



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Autores - Afiliación



Ord. Autor Género Institución - País
1 Gao, Qing - CASSACA - China
National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences - China
2 Wang, Wei - CASSACA - China
National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences - China
3 Baade, Dietrich - Observatorio Europeo Austral - Alemania
4 Liu, Jifeng - CASSACA - China
Univ Chinese Acad Sci - China
Beijing Normal Univ - China
National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences - China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences - China
Beijing Normal University - China
5 Rivinius, Thomas - Observatorio Europeo Austral - Chile
Observatorio Europeo Austral - Alemania
European Southern Observatory Santiago - Chile
6 Arcos, Catalina - Universidad de Valparaíso - Chile
7 de Almeida, Elisson S. G. - Universidad de Valparaíso - Chile
8 Yuan, Hailong - CASSACA - China
National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences - China
9 Bai, Yu - CASSACA - China
Univ Chinese Acad Sci - China
National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences - China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences - China
10 Jankov, Slobodan - Astron Observ Belgrade - Serbia
Astronomical Observatory Belgrade - Serbia
11 Hadjara, Massinissa - CASSACA - China
Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics & Technology - China
Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics & Technology - China
12 Bai, Zhongrui - CASSACA - China
National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences - China
13 Zhang, Haotong - CASSACA - China
National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences - China
14 de Amorim, Tajan H. - UNIV SAO PAULO - Brasil
Universidade de São Paulo - Brasil
15 Wu, Yue - CASSACA - China
National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences - China
16 Townsend, Richard H. D. - UNIV WISCONSIN - Estados Unidos
UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA - Estados Unidos
University of Wisconsin-Madison - Estados Unidos
Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics - Estados Unidos
17 Carciofi, Alex C. - UNIV SAO PAULO - Brasil
Universidade de São Paulo - Brasil
18 Nemeth, P. Hombre Astroserver Org - Hungría
Astroserver.org - Hungría
19 Cure, Michel - Universidad de Valparaíso - Chile

Muestra la afiliación y género (detectado) para los co-autores de la publicación.

Financiamiento



Fuente
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico
Chinese Academy of Sciences
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)
NASA
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Fondecyt Project
NASA Science Mission directorate
National Development and Reform Commission
Space Telescope Science Institute
National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences
China National Space Administration (CNSA)
ANID Fondecyt
China Manned Space Project
Guoshoujing Telescope (the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope LAMOST)
Pre-research project on Civil Aerospace Technologies
China National Space Administration
Explorer Program

Muestra la fuente de financiamiento declarada en la publicación.

Agradecimientos



Agradecimiento
We would like to express our heartfelt thanks to R.G. Vieira, S.B. Howell and P. Nemeth for their invaluable contributions. We are grateful to Richard Hanes for providing the reduced KPNO spectrum. This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, grants Nos. 11988101, 42075123 and 62127901). W.W. thanks for the support from the China Manned Space Project with NO. CMS-CSST-2021-A11 and the Pre-research project on Civil Aerospace Technologies No. D010301 funded by China National Space Administration (CNSA). C.A. and M.C. thank the support from Fondecyt project & numero; 1230131. E.S.G. de Almeida has been financially supported by ANID Fondecyt postdoctoral grant & numero;3220776. The Guoshoujing Telescope (the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope LAMOST) is a National Major Scientific Project built by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Funding for the project has been provided by the National Development and Reform Commission. LAMOST is operated and managed by the National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This paper includes data collected by the Kepler and TESS mission and obtained from the MAST data archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI). Funding for the Kepler and TESS mission is provided by the NASA Science Mission Directorate, and Explorer Program, respectively. STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555.
We would like to express our heartfelt thanks to R.G. Vieira, S.B. Howell and P. Nemeth for their invaluable contributions. We are grateful to Richard Hanes for providing the reduced KPNO spectrum. This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, grants Nos. 11988101, 42075123 and 62127901). W.W. thanks for the support from the China Manned Space Project with NO. CMS-CSST-2021-A11 and the Pre-research project on Civil Aerospace Technologies No. D010301 funded by China National Space Administration (CNSA). C.A. and M.C. thank the support from Fondecyt project .1230131. E.S.G. de Almeida has been financially supported by ANID Fondecyt postdoctoral grant .3220776. The Guoshoujing Telescope (the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope LAMOST) is a National Major Scientific Project built by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Funding for the project has been provided by the National Development and Reform Commission. LAMOST is operated and managed by the National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This paper includes data collected by the Kepler and TESS mission and obtained from the MAST data archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI). Funding for the Kepler and TESS mission is provided by the NASA Science Mission Directorate, and Explorer Program, respectively. STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555.
We would like to express our heartfelt thanks to R.G. Vieira, S.B. Howell and P. Nemeth for their invaluable contributions. We are grateful to Richard Hanes for providing the reduced KPNO spectrum. This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, grants Nos. 11988101, 42075123 and 62127901). W.W. thanks for the support from the China Manned Space Project with NO. CMS-CSST-2021-A11 and the Pre-research project on Civil Aerospace Technologies No. D010301 funded by China National Space Administration (CNSA). C.A. and M.C. thank the support from Fondecyt project .1230131. E.S.G. de Almeida has been financially supported by ANID Fondecyt postdoctoral grant .3220776. The Guoshoujing Telescope (the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope LAMOST) is a National Major Scientific Project built by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Funding for the project has been provided by the National Development and Reform Commission. LAMOST is operated and managed by the National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This paper includes data collected by the Kepler and TESS mission and obtained from the MAST data archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI). Funding for the Kepler and TESS mission is provided by the NASA Science Mission Directorate, and Explorer Program, respectively. STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555.

Muestra la fuente de financiamiento declarada en la publicación.