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| DOI | 10.1051/0004-6361/202452792 | ||||
| Año | 2025 | ||||
| Tipo | artículo de investigación |
Citas Totales
Autores Afiliación Chile
Instituciones Chile
% Participación
Internacional
Autores
Afiliación Extranjera
Instituciones
Extranjeras
Context. Classical Be stars are rapidly rotating B-type stars exhibiting Balmer emission lines originating from circumstellar Keplerian gaseous disks, which likely form through episodic mass-ejection events. The currently favored model for Be star disks is the viscous decretion disk (VDD) model. However, the mechanism behind the mass ejection process during the formation of a VDD is a mystery. Aims. We present peculiar behavior of the Be star KIC 9715425, which exhibited several minor outbursts (MIBs) and one major outburst (MAB) observed as brightenings in broadband photometry, as well as transient H alpha line emission. The variability may provide valuable keys to understanding the nature of Be outbursts. Methods. Based on Kepler, the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN) and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite time-series photometry, the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope spectroscopy, multi-wavelength observations in the near-ultraviolet (NUV) from the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) and optical from Gaia, Xinglong 2.16 m telescope and Isaac Newton Telescope of KIC 9715425 covering its outbursts, we determined fundamental parameters of the central star and the circumstellar disk. A frequency analysis and spectral modeling were carried out to characterize the events. Results. During the major outburst, we find a 36% flux increase in the GALEX NUV band compared to 25% in the Kepler band, suggesting that whatever produced the flux increase should be hotter than the central B-type star. This is contradictory to the conventional scenario that the VDD should be cooler. In addition, such a high flux increase can only be accounted for by a luminous disk, which should produce a much stronger H alpha emission than observed. The origin of this anomalously hot component remains unexplained. Conclusions. Except for the bluing, the available observations of KIC 9715425 are perfectly compatible with being a normal Be star. If the bluing was physically related to the MAB, the most economical effort to identify the nature of the underlying process could be adaptive NUV and far-ultraviolet monitoring of Be stars with cyclically repeating MABs.
| Ord. | Autor | Género | Institución - País |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gao, Qing | - |
CASSACA - China
National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences - China |
| 2 | Wang, Wei | - |
CASSACA - China
National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences - China |
| 3 | Baade, Dietrich | - |
Observatorio Europeo Austral - Alemania
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| 4 | Liu, Jifeng | - |
CASSACA - China
Univ Chinese Acad Sci - China Beijing Normal Univ - China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences - China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences - China Beijing Normal University - China |
| 5 | Rivinius, Thomas | - |
Observatorio Europeo Austral - Chile
Observatorio Europeo Austral - Alemania European Southern Observatory Santiago - Chile |
| 6 | Arcos, Catalina | - |
Universidad de Valparaíso - Chile
|
| 7 | de Almeida, Elisson S. G. | - |
Universidad de Valparaíso - Chile
|
| 8 | Yuan, Hailong | - |
CASSACA - China
National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences - China |
| 9 | Bai, Yu | - |
CASSACA - China
Univ Chinese Acad Sci - China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences - China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences - China |
| 10 | Jankov, Slobodan | - |
Astron Observ Belgrade - Serbia
Astronomical Observatory Belgrade - Serbia |
| 11 | Hadjara, Massinissa | - |
CASSACA - China
Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics & Technology - China Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics & Technology - China |
| 12 | Bai, Zhongrui | - |
CASSACA - China
National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences - China |
| 13 | Zhang, Haotong | - |
CASSACA - China
National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences - China |
| 14 | de Amorim, Tajan H. | - |
UNIV SAO PAULO - Brasil
Universidade de São Paulo - Brasil |
| 15 | Wu, Yue | - |
CASSACA - China
National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences - China |
| 16 | Townsend, Richard H. D. | - |
UNIV WISCONSIN - Estados Unidos
UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA - Estados Unidos University of Wisconsin-Madison - Estados Unidos Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics - Estados Unidos |
| 17 | Carciofi, Alex C. | - |
UNIV SAO PAULO - Brasil
Universidade de São Paulo - Brasil |
| 18 | Nemeth, P. | Hombre |
Astroserver Org - Hungría
Astroserver.org - Hungría |
| 19 | Cure, Michel | - |
Universidad de Valparaíso - Chile
|
| Fuente |
|---|
| National Natural Science Foundation of China |
| Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico |
| Chinese Academy of Sciences |
| National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) |
| NASA |
| National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
| Fondecyt Project |
| NASA Science Mission directorate |
| National Development and Reform Commission |
| Space Telescope Science Institute |
| National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences |
| China National Space Administration (CNSA) |
| ANID Fondecyt |
| China Manned Space Project |
| Guoshoujing Telescope (the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope LAMOST) |
| Pre-research project on Civil Aerospace Technologies |
| China National Space Administration |
| Explorer Program |
| Agradecimiento |
|---|
| We would like to express our heartfelt thanks to R.G. Vieira, S.B. Howell and P. Nemeth for their invaluable contributions. We are grateful to Richard Hanes for providing the reduced KPNO spectrum. This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, grants Nos. 11988101, 42075123 and 62127901). W.W. thanks for the support from the China Manned Space Project with NO. CMS-CSST-2021-A11 and the Pre-research project on Civil Aerospace Technologies No. D010301 funded by China National Space Administration (CNSA). C.A. and M.C. thank the support from Fondecyt project & numero; 1230131. E.S.G. de Almeida has been financially supported by ANID Fondecyt postdoctoral grant & numero;3220776. The Guoshoujing Telescope (the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope LAMOST) is a National Major Scientific Project built by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Funding for the project has been provided by the National Development and Reform Commission. LAMOST is operated and managed by the National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This paper includes data collected by the Kepler and TESS mission and obtained from the MAST data archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI). Funding for the Kepler and TESS mission is provided by the NASA Science Mission Directorate, and Explorer Program, respectively. STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. |
| We would like to express our heartfelt thanks to R.G. Vieira, S.B. Howell and P. Nemeth for their invaluable contributions. We are grateful to Richard Hanes for providing the reduced KPNO spectrum. This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, grants Nos. 11988101, 42075123 and 62127901). W.W. thanks for the support from the China Manned Space Project with NO. CMS-CSST-2021-A11 and the Pre-research project on Civil Aerospace Technologies No. D010301 funded by China National Space Administration (CNSA). C.A. and M.C. thank the support from Fondecyt project .1230131. E.S.G. de Almeida has been financially supported by ANID Fondecyt postdoctoral grant .3220776. The Guoshoujing Telescope (the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope LAMOST) is a National Major Scientific Project built by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Funding for the project has been provided by the National Development and Reform Commission. LAMOST is operated and managed by the National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This paper includes data collected by the Kepler and TESS mission and obtained from the MAST data archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI). Funding for the Kepler and TESS mission is provided by the NASA Science Mission Directorate, and Explorer Program, respectively. STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. |
| We would like to express our heartfelt thanks to R.G. Vieira, S.B. Howell and P. Nemeth for their invaluable contributions. We are grateful to Richard Hanes for providing the reduced KPNO spectrum. This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, grants Nos. 11988101, 42075123 and 62127901). W.W. thanks for the support from the China Manned Space Project with NO. CMS-CSST-2021-A11 and the Pre-research project on Civil Aerospace Technologies No. D010301 funded by China National Space Administration (CNSA). C.A. and M.C. thank the support from Fondecyt project .1230131. E.S.G. de Almeida has been financially supported by ANID Fondecyt postdoctoral grant .3220776. The Guoshoujing Telescope (the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope LAMOST) is a National Major Scientific Project built by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Funding for the project has been provided by the National Development and Reform Commission. LAMOST is operated and managed by the National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This paper includes data collected by the Kepler and TESS mission and obtained from the MAST data archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI). Funding for the Kepler and TESS mission is provided by the NASA Science Mission Directorate, and Explorer Program, respectively. STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. |