The objective of this paper is to understand the land problem in Araucania based on its historical development, mainly considering its socioeconomic dimensions and its political consequences. To do this, an analysis is carried out based on bibliographic background, which allows us to trace a trajectory of various milestones that have marked the paths of Araucania until today. In this sense, some of the current characteristics of the region, such as poverty, inequality and conflict, can be analyzed from the perspective of the actions and events that occurred in this period. The main conclusions indicate that the occupation and colonization of Araucania by the Chilean State gives rise to a series of local problems regarding land that have not been resolved but have advanced and spread. This has generated instability in the rural space of the region, so social and economic problems cause new political crises. The land problem, closely linked to underdevelopment, in this period went from being an economic-social problem to a permanent political problem, a dispute over territory, in a logical colonization and resistance (decolonization).