Abstract In the diagnosis of diffuse interstitial lung diseases, the gold standard is multidisciplinary evaluation. This means a clinical, radiological and histopathological consensus. The ideal is to have an experienced team of specialists, mainly in cases that present difficulty in definitive diagnosis, without categorical characteristics of a specific pathology. High-resolution computed tomography is the imaging test of choice that contributes to the definitive diagnosis. The purpose of this article is to analyze the imaging patterns of idiopathic fibrotic diseases: usual interstitial pneumonia, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema, non-specific interstitial pneumonia and pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis. Initially we will also analyze the interstitial lung abnormality. Finally, we will refer to the growing use of artificial intelligence in the evaluation and progression of diffuse lung diseases, and to the application of a recently developed technique, photon counting computed tomography.