Introduction: Anaerobic capacity and power are key concepts in exercise physiology, especially in sports that require explosive and high-intensity efforts. Over the decades, the terminology used to describe these concepts has evolved as scientific knowledge and measurement technologies advance, allowing for a more precise understanding of the underlying physiological mechanisms and their application in sport. Objective: This systematic review aims to update the terminology in the concepts of anaerobic capacity and power. Methods: An exhaustive search was carried out in scientific databases using terms related to anaerobic capacity and power, as well as associated terms. Included are studies that offer updated definitions, comparative studies and critical reviews on the topic. For the selection of relevant and quality studies, specific inclusion and exclusion criteria are applied. Results: 15 studies were analyzed that examined the evolution of terminology related to anaerobic capacity and power. The results show a trend towards more precise and specific definitions of these concepts, reflecting advances in the understanding of the underlying physiological mechanisms. Conclusion: New terms and methodological approaches that have emerged in recent literature are highlighted, which provide a solid basis for future research and applications in sports practice.