This study addresses the inherent challenges in state regulation of genetic resources in Chile, highlighting legislative gaps in the protection and management of both terrestrial and marine genetic resources. The current regulation in Chile is primarily based on the Convention on Biological Diversity and the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, indicating a lack of specific internal legislation. In this context, it is posited that the situation is critical for all genetic resources, though particular challenges are observed in the resources utilized by blue biotechnology. This analysis underscores the need for effective and specific regulation for all genetic resources.