Background. Chile has made significant progress in recent decades in implementing policies to improve the efficiency of its health system with an impact on population health. Aim. To present five case studies of successful policies whose impact has been documented. Methods. Case study report. Results. First, we present a summary of the evidence supporting the policy that is changing the Chilean care model from a problem-based to a patient-centered care model. Second, we show how tele-nephrology and advanced renal care units have demonstrated significant impact on chronic kidney disease in Chile. This internationally recognized successful Chilean policy is contributing to address one of the conditions that explains the highest financial burden on the health system. Third, we present recent evidence on the effectiveness of teleoncology care in Chile. Fourth, we highlight the most recent system of epidemiological surveillance implemented in Chile, the EPIVIGILA system, which was essential to support decisions throughout the pandemic. Finally, we underline the health benefit plans implemented in recent decades to improve access to services and financial protection. Conclusions. Chile has successfully implemented policies in its health system that have an impact on efficiency and population health. These experiences can be replicated in countries facing similar challenges, using the Chilean experience as a benchmark. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )