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On the distance to the transition state of protein folding in optical tweezers experiments
Indexado
WoS WOS:001392747800001
Scopus SCOPUS_ID:85217228249
DOI 10.1007/S12551-024-01264-9
Año 2025
Tipo revisión

Citas Totales

Autores Afiliación Chile

Instituciones Chile

% Participación
Internacional

Autores
Afiliación Extranjera

Instituciones
Extranjeras


Abstract



The distance to the transition state (x double dagger\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${x}<^>{\ddagger }$$\end{document}) is an important parameter for understanding the energy landscape of chemical reactions. In protein folding, x double dagger\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${x}<^>{\ddagger }$$\end{document} represents the distance to the high energy structure between folded and unfolded states. This correlates with the deformation of the protein as it crosses the energy barrier defining its rigidity. This parameter can be determined by unfolding the protein, analyzing the kinetics of unfolding and refolding, and fitting the data to various models. An approach to determine the x double dagger\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${x}<^>{\ddagger }$$\end{document} is using force as a way to tilt the energy landscape. Force spectroscopy studies, particularly at the single-molecule level, offer a powerful approach for this purpose. One of these techniques is optical tweezers, which allow the application of force by pulling on a bead attached to the protein via spacers, thereby unfolding it. This method provides measurements of force and distance between the folded and unfolded states of the protein. By analyzing force histograms, we can apply different models as the phenomenological Bell-Evans or Kramers theory-based models. Additionally, an alternative direct approach involves summing the distances to the transition state to fit the data of the distance of total protein unfolding. Using this approach, we can plot force versus distance and obtain the x double dagger\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${x}<^>{\ddagger }$$\end{document} and the energy to the transition state from folded to unfolding and vice versa. Furthermore, these results can be correlated with elastic models, such as the worm-like chain model. By integrating these approaches, we can gain deeper insights into protein folding mechanisms.

Revista



Revista ISSN
Biophysical Reviews 1867-2450

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Disciplinas de Investigación



WOS
Biophysics
Scopus
Sin Disciplinas
SciELO
Sin Disciplinas

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Publicaciones WoS (Ediciones: ISSHP, ISTP, AHCI, SSCI, SCI), Scopus, SciELO Chile.

Colaboración Institucional



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Autores - Afiliación



Ord. Autor Género Institución - País
1 Correa, Camila G. - Universidad de Chile - Chile
Universidad de Valparaíso - Chile
2 Wilson, Christian A. M. - Universidad de Chile - Chile

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Financiamiento



Fuente
Universidad de Chile
Universidad de Valparaíso
Vicerrectoria de Investigacion y Desarrollo (VID) of Universidad de Chile
FIB-UV of Universidad de Valparaiso

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Agradecimientos



Agradecimiento
This work was supported by Vicerrectoria de Investigacion y Desarrollo (VID) of Universidad de Chile ENL 10/22 (C.A.M.W.) and FIB-UV of Universidad de Valparaiso (C.G.C.).
This work was supported by: Vicerrector\u00EDa de Investigaci\u00F3n y Desarrollo (VID) of Universidad de Chile ENL 10/22 (C.A.M.W.), FIB-UV of Universidad de Valpara\u00EDso (C.G.C.). We thank Steven B. Smith, Are Mjaavatten, Francesca Burgos-Bravo, Jorge Babul and Mauricio Baez for helpful discussions and to all members of the Biochemistry Laboratory of the Universidad de Chile. Finally, we would like to thank the reviewers for their thoughtful comments.

Muestra la fuente de financiamiento declarada en la publicación.