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| DOI | 10.5194/TC-18-5735-2024 | ||||
| Año | 2024 | ||||
| Tipo | artículo de investigación |
Citas Totales
Autores Afiliación Chile
Instituciones Chile
% Participación
Internacional
Autores
Afiliación Extranjera
Instituciones
Extranjeras
Ice calved from the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets or tidewater glaciers ultimately melts in the ocean, contributing to sea-level rise and potentially affecting marine biogeochemistry. Icebergs have been described as ocean micronutrient fertilizing agents and biological hotspots due to their potential roles as platforms for marine mammals and birds. Icebergs may be especially important fertilizing agents in the Southern Ocean, where low availability of the micronutrients iron and manganese extensively limits marine primary production. Whilst icebergs have long been described as a source of iron to the ocean, their nutrient load is poorly constrained and it is unclear if there are regional differences. Here we show that 589 ice fragments collected from calved ice in contrasting regions spanning the Antarctic Peninsula; Greenland; and smaller tidewater systems in Svalbard, Patagonia, and Iceland have similar (micro)nutrient concentrations with limited or no significant differences between regions. Icebergs are a minor or negligible source of macronutrients to the ocean with low concentrations of NOx- (NO3-+NO2-; median of 0.51 mu M), PO43- (median of 0.04 mu M), and dissolved Si (dSi; median of 0.02 mu M). In contrast, icebergs deliver elevated concentrations of dissolved Fe (dFe; median of 12 nM) and Mn (dMn; median of 2.6 nM). The sediment load for Antarctic ice (median of 9 mgL-1, n=144) was low compared to prior reported values for the Arctic (up to 200 gL-1). Total dissolvable Fe and Mn retained a strong relationship with the sediment load (both R2=0.43, p<0.001), whereas weaker relationships were observed for dFe (R-2=0.30, p<0.001), dMn (R-2=0.20, p<0.001), and dSi (R-2=0.29, p<0.001). A strong correlation between total dissolvable Fe and Mn (R-2=0.95, p<0.001) and a total dissolvable Mn:Fe ratio of 0.024 suggested a lithogenic origin for the majority of sediment present in ice. Dissolved Mn was present at higher dMn:dFe ratios, with fluxes from melting ice roughly equivalent to 30 % of the corresponding dFe flux. Our results suggest that NOx- and PO43- concentrations measured in calved icebergs originate from the ice matrix. Conversely, high Fe and Mn, as well as occasionally high dSi concentrations, are associated with englacial sediment, which experiences limited biogeochemical processing prior to release into the ocean.
| Ord. | Autor | Género | Institución - País |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Krause, Jana | Mujer |
GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel - Alemania
GEOMAR - Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel - Alemania |
| 2 | Carroll, Dustin | Hombre |
San Jose State Univ - Estados Unidos
Moss Landing Marine Laboratories - Estados Unidos |
| 3 | Hofer, J. | Hombre |
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso - Chile
Ctr FONDAP Invest Dinam Ecosistemas Marinos de Alt - Chile Centro de Investigacion Dinamica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes - Chile |
| 4 | Donaire, Jeremy | - |
Universidad Nacional Andrés Bello - Chile
Vrije Univ Brussel - Bélgica Vrije Universiteit Brussel - Bélgica |
| 5 | Achterberg, Eric P. | Hombre |
GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel - Alemania
GEOMAR - Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel - Alemania |
| 6 | ALARCON-PANICHINI, EMILIO EXEQUIEL | Hombre |
Centro de Investigacion Dinamica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes - Chile
|
| 7 | Liu, Te | - |
GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel - Alemania
GEOMAR - Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel - Alemania |
| 8 | Meire, Lorenz | Hombre |
Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res - Países Bajos
Greenland Inst Nat Resources - Groenlandia Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research - Países Bajos Greenland Institute of Natural Resources - Groenlandia |
| 9 | Zhu, Kechen | - |
Southern Univ Sci & Technol - China
Southern University of Science and Technology - China |
| 10 | Hopwood, Mark J. | Hombre |
Southern Univ Sci & Technol - China
Southern University of Science and Technology - China |
| Fuente |
|---|
| National Natural Science Foundation of China |
| Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico |
| INACH |
| Instituto Antártico Chileno |
| Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft |
| Correos de Chile |
| Instituto Antártico Chileno (INACH) |
| Fuerza Aérea de Chile |
| Fondo de Financiamiento de Centros de Investigación en Áreas Prioritarias |
| Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek |
| Novo Nordisk Foundation |
| Novo Nordisk Fonden |
| Institut chilien de l'Antarctique |
| Swiss Polar Institute |
| GEOMAR |
| Pinngortitaleriffik |
| Danish Center for Marine Research (DCH) |
| Fuerza Aerea de Chile (FACH) |
| Greenland Institute of Natural Resources |
| European Union H2020 research and innovation programme |
| Danish Center for Marine Research |
| Case van Genuchten |
| Agradecimiento |
|---|
| Tim Steffens (GEOMAR) is thanked for technical assistance with ICP-MS; Andre Mutzberg (GEOMAR) is thanked for macronutrient data; and Stephan Krisch (formerly of GEOMAR), Thomas Juul-Pedersen (Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, GINR), and Case van Genuchten (Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, GEUS) are thanked for assistance with sampling. The captain and crew of R/V Sanna are thanked for field support. Jeremy Donaire was sponsored by a scholarship from the Instituto Antartico Chileno (INACH), Correos de Chile, and the Fuerza Aerea de Chile (FACH). Ship time and work in Nuup Kangerlua were conducted in collaboration with MarineBasis Nuuk, part of the Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring (GEM) project. We gratefully acknowledge logistics and funding contributions from the Danish Center for Marine Research (DCH), the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, the Novo Nordisk Foundation (grant no. NNF17SH0028142), and INACH. |
| This research has been supported by the Fondo de Financiamiento de Centros de Investigaci\u00F3n en \u00C1reas Prioritarias (grant no. FONDAP-IDEAL 15150003), the Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient\u00EDfico y Tecnol\u00F3gico (grant no. 1211338), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant no. HO 6321/1-1), the Swiss Polar Institute (grant no. GLACE), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 42150610482), the European Union H2020 research and innovation programme (grant no. 824077), the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (grant no. 016.Veni.192.150), and the Novo Nordisk Fonden (grant no. NNF17SH0028142). |
| Tim Steffens (GEOMAR) is thanked for technical assistance with ICP-MS; Andre Mutzberg (GEOMAR) is thanked for macronutrient data; and Stephan Krisch (formerly of GEOMAR), Thomas Juul-Pedersen (Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, GINR), and Case van Genuchten (Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, GEUS) are thanked for assistance with sampling. The captain and crew of R/V Sanna are thanked for field support. Jeremy Donaire was sponsored by a scholarship from the Instituto Antartico Chileno (INACH), Correos de Chile, and the Fuerza Aerea de Chile (FACH). Ship time and work in Nuup Kangerlua were conducted in collaboration with MarineBasis Nuuk, part of the Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring (GEM) project. We gratefully acknowledge logistics and funding contributions from the Danish Center for Marine Research (DCH), the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, the Novo Nordisk Foundation (grant no. NNF17SH0028142), and INACH. This research has been supported by the Fondo de Financiamiento de Centros de Investigacion en Areas Prioritarias (grant no. FONDAP-IDEAL 15150003), the Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cientifico y Tecnologico (grant no. 1211338), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant no. HO 6321/1-1), the Swiss Polar Institute (grant no. GLACE), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 42150610482), the European Union H2020 research and innovation programme (grant no. 824077), the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (grant no. 016.Veni.192.150), and the Novo Nordisk Fonden (grant no. NNF17SH0028142). |
| This research has been supported by the Fondo de Financiamiento de Centros de Investigaci\u00F3n en \u00C1reas Prioritarias (grant no. FONDAP-IDEAL 15150003), the Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient\u00EDfico y Tecnol\u00F3gico (grant no. 1211338), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant no. HO 6321/1-1), the Swiss Polar Institute (grant no. GLACE), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 42150610482), the European Union H2020 research and innovation programme (grant no. 824077), the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (grant no. 016.Veni.192.150), and the Novo Nordisk Fonden (grant no. NNF17SH0028142). |