This article analyzes the role of female researchers and university professors of social sciences inChile since 1990. Its objectives are to investigate the importance of feminist movements for theemergence of the gender perspective and the opening of academic institutions to women's presence,and to characterize the working conditions of Chilean social scientists. The methodology used was asystematic review, which produced a sociohistorical analysis of the democratic transition in itsconnection with feminist movements, demographic transformations, and rearticulation of Chileansocial sciences. We analyze the assertion of neoliberal logics in universities (2000-2010) and discussthe rearticulation between the demands of feminist movements and criticism of androcentrism inChilean social sciences (2010-2023). The article's original contribution consists of puttingquantitative, qualitative, and historical studies in dialogue with one another, opening newinterpretative veins on gender inequality in science and higher education in Chile.