The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a mobile synovial joint that articulates the temporal bone, particularly the articular tubercle and the glenoid fossa, with the condyle of the mandibular bone. Inside it, there is an articular disc that divides the cavity into two compartments, which act as a functional unit. To correctly evaluate the status of the TMJ, it is necessary to know its normal anatomy and function. In addition, one must be familiar with the imaging findings present in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which must be correlated with the physical examination and clinical symptoms, to reach an accurate diagnosis. Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a heterogeneous set of pathologies that involve the TMJ complex and adjacent bone and muscular structures. MRI is considered the gold-standard imaging technique to evaluate TMD. This technique provides information on the anatomical and functional characteristics, in addition to adequately characterizing the different pathological processes and the response to treatment.