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X-Shooting ULLYSES: Massive stars at low metallicity IV. Spectral analysis methods and exemplary results for O stars
Indexado
WoS WOS:001303205700001
Scopus SCOPUS_ID:85202957662
DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/202449829
Año 2024
Tipo artículo de investigación

Citas Totales

Autores Afiliación Chile

Instituciones Chile

% Participación
Internacional

Autores
Afiliación Extranjera

Instituciones
Extranjeras


Abstract



Context. The spectral analysis of hot, massive stars is a fundamental astrophysical method of determining their intrinsic properties and feedback. With their inherent, radiation-driven winds, the quantitative spectroscopy for hot, massive stars requires detailed numerical modeling of the atmosphere and an iterative treatment in order to obtain the best solution within a given framework. Aims. We present an overview of different techniques for the quantitative spectroscopy of hot stars employed within the X-Shooting ULLYSES collaboration, ranging from grid-based approaches to tailored spectral fits. By performing a blind test for selected targets, we gain an overview of the similarities and differences between the resulting stellar and wind parameters. Our study is not a systematic benchmark between different codes or methods; our aim is to provide an overview of the parameter spread caused by different approaches. Methods. For three different stars from the XShooting ULLYSES sample (SMC O5 star AzV 377, LMC O7 star Sk -69 degrees 50, and LMC O9 star Sk-66 degrees 171), we employ different stellar atmosphere codes (CMFGEN, Fastwind, PoWR) and different strategies to determine their best-fitting model solutions. For our analyses, UV and optical spectroscopy are used to derive the stellar and wind properties with some methods relying purely on optical data for comparison. To determine the overall spectral energy distribution, we further employ additional photometry from the literature. Results. The effective temperatures found for each of the three different sample stars agree within 3 kK, while the differences in log g can be up to 0.2 dex. Luminosity differences of up to 0.1 dex result from different reddening assumptions, which seem to be systematically larger for the methods employing a genetic algorithm. All sample stars are found to be enriched in nitrogen. The terminal wind velocities are surprisingly similar and do not strictly follow the u infinity-Teff relation. Conclusions. We find reasonable agreement in terms of the derived stellar and wind parameters between the different methods. Tailored fitting methods tend to be able to minimize or avoid discrepancies obtained with coarser or increasingly automatized treatments. The inclusion of UV spectral data is essential for the determination of realistic wind parameters. For one target (Sk -69 degrees 50), we find clear indications of an evolved status.

Revista



Revista ISSN
Astronomy & Astrophysics 0004-6361

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Disciplinas de Investigación



WOS
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Scopus
Sin Disciplinas
SciELO
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Publicaciones WoS (Ediciones: ISSHP, ISTP, AHCI, SSCI, SCI), Scopus, SciELO Chile.

Colaboración Institucional



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Autores - Afiliación



Ord. Autor Género Institución - País
1 Sander, A. Hombre Heidelberg Univ - Alemania
Astronomisches Rechen-Institut - Alemania
2 Bouret, J. C. Hombre Aix Marseille Univ - Francia
Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille - Francia
3 Bernini-Peron, M. - Heidelberg Univ - Alemania
Astronomisches Rechen-Institut - Alemania
4 Puls, J. Hombre LMU Munchen - Alemania
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München - Alemania
5 Backs, Frank - Univ Amsterdam - Países Bajos
Anton Pannekoek Instituut voor Sterrenkunde - Países Bajos
6 Berlanas, S. R. - Inst Astrofis Canarias - España
UNIV LA LAGUNA - España
Instituto Astrofisico de Canarias - España
Universidad de La Laguna - España
7 Bestenlehner, Joachim M. Hombre UNIV SHEFFIELD - Reino Unido
The University of Sheffield - Reino Unido
8 Brands, Sarah A. Mujer Univ Amsterdam - Países Bajos
Anton Pannekoek Instituut voor Sterrenkunde - Países Bajos
9 Herrero, Artemio Hombre Inst Astrofis Canarias - España
UNIV LA LAGUNA - España
Instituto Astrofisico de Canarias - España
Universidad de La Laguna - España
10 Martins, F. Hombre Univ Montpellier - Francia
Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - Francia
11 Maryeva, O. - Czech Acad Sci - República Checa
Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic - República Checa
12 Pauli, D. - Univ Potsdam - Alemania
Universität Potsdam - Alemania
13 Ramachandran, V. - Heidelberg Univ - Alemania
Astronomisches Rechen-Institut - Alemania
14 Crowther, P. A. Hombre UNIV SHEFFIELD - Reino Unido
The University of Sheffield - Reino Unido
15 Gomez-Gonzalez, V. M. A. - Univ Potsdam - Alemania
Universität Potsdam - Alemania
16 Gormaz-Matamala, Alex C. Hombre Polish Acad Sci - Polonia
Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez - Chile
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile - Chile
Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center of the Polish Academy of Sciences - Polonia
17 Hamann, W. -R. Hombre Univ Potsdam - Alemania
Universität Potsdam - Alemania
18 Hillier, D. John Hombre Univ Pittsburgh - Estados Unidos
University of Pittsburgh - Estados Unidos
19 Kuiper, R. Hombre Univ Duisburg Essen - Alemania
Universität Duisburg-Essen - Alemania
20 Larkin, C. J. K. - Heidelberg Univ - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Kernphys - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Astron - Alemania
Astronomisches Rechen-Institut - Alemania
Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik - Alemania
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy - Alemania
21 Lefever, R. R. - Heidelberg Univ - Alemania
Astronomisches Rechen-Institut - Alemania
22 Mehner, Andrea Mujer ESO European Org Astron Res Southern Hemisphere - Chile
European Southern Observatory Santiago - Chile
23 Najarro, F. Hombre Ctr Astrobiol - España
CSIC-INTA - Centro de Astrobiología (CAB) - España
24 Oskinova, L. - Univ Potsdam - Alemania
Universität Potsdam - Alemania
25 Schoesser, E. C. - Heidelberg Univ - Alemania
Astronomisches Rechen-Institut - Alemania
26 Shenar, T. Hombre Tel Aviv Univ - Israel
Tel Aviv University - Israel
27 Todt, H. - Univ Potsdam - Alemania
Universität Potsdam - Alemania
28 Ud-Doula, A. - Penn State Scranton - Estados Unidos
29 Vink, Jorick S. - Armagh Observ & Planetarium - Reino Unido
Armagh Observatory - Reino Unido

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Financiamiento



Fuente
European Regional Development Fund
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
NASA
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)
STFC
Science and Technology Facilities Council
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Narodowe Centrum Nauki
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Max Planck Society through a "Partner Group" grant
Space Telescope Science Institute
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
European Space Agency
Polish National Science Centre
Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences
NASA ATP
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt
SURF Cooperative
Lorentz Center
Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
Universität Heidelberg
SURF
Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft und Raumfahrt (DLR)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG - German Research Foundation)
NextGeneration EU
PRTR
NextGeneration EU/PRTR
Heisenberg Research Grant - German Research Foundation (DFG)
Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz
International Max Planck Research School for Astronomy and Cosmic Physics at the University of Heidelberg
Baden-Württemberg Ministry of Science
Al-Mustafa International University
Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK) via the German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt, DLR)
MCIN/AEI by "ERDF A way of making Europe"
MIU through grant Margarita Salas-ULL
Lorentz Center, Leiden, Netherlands
NASA by the Chandra X-ray Observatory 27 Center
Baden-Wurttemberg Ministry of Science as part of the Excellence Strategy of the German Federal and State Governments

Muestra la fuente de financiamiento declarada en la publicación.

Agradecimientos



Agradecimiento
This manuscript has been inspired by discussions during the workshop "ULLYSES - new horizons in massive star spectroscopy", hosted and supported by the Lorentz Center, Leiden, Netherlands. Based on observations obtained with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, retrieved from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST) at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. AACS, MBP, VR, RRL, and CJKL are supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG - German Research Foundation) in the form of an Emmy Noether Research Group - Project-ID 445674056 (SA4064/1-1, PI Sander). AACS and RRL acknowledge funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) - Project-ID 138713538 - SFB 881 ("The Milky Way System", subproject P04). AACS, MBP, VR, and ECS are further supported by funding from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and the Baden-Wurttemberg Ministry of Science as part of the Excellence Strategy of the German Federal and State Governments. ECS acknowledges financial support by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK) via the German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt, DLR) grant 50 OR 2306 (PI: Ramachandran/Sander). CJKL gratefully acknowledges support from the International Max Planck Research School for Astronomy and Cosmic Physics at the University of Heidelberg in the form of an IMPRS PhD fellowship. PAC and JMB are supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council research grant ST/V000853/1 (PI. V. Dhillon). DP acknowledges financial support by the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft und Raumfahrt (DLR) grant FKZ 50OR2005. RK acknowledges financial support via the Heisenberg Research Grant funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) under grant no. KU 2849/9. JSV gratefully acknowledges support from STFC via grant ST/V000233/1. OM acknowledges support from the project RVO:67985815 of the Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences. A.u.-D. acknowledges NASA ATP grant number 80NSSC22K0628 and support by NASA through Chandra Award number TM4-25001A issued by the Chandra X-ray Observatory 27 Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of NASA under contract NAS8-03060. ACGM acknowledges the support from the Polish National Science Centre grant Maestro (2018/30/A/ST9/00050) and from the Max Planck Society through a "Partner Group" grant. F.N. acknowledges support by grants PID2019-105552RB-C41 and PID2022-137779OB-C41 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 by "ERDF A way of making Europe". SRB acknowledges support by NextGeneration EU/PRTR and MIU (UNI/551/2021) through grant Margarita Salas-ULL. This work used the Dutch national e-infrastructure with the support of the SURF Cooperative using grant no. EINF-3257.
This manuscript has been inspired by discussions during the workshop \u201CULLYSES \u2013 new horizons in massive star spectroscopy\u201D, hosted and supported by the Lorentz Center, Leiden, Netherlands. Based on observations obtained with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, retrieved from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST) at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. AACS, MBP, VR, RRL, and CJKL are supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG \u2013 German Research Foundation) in the form of an Emmy Noether Research Group - Project-ID 445674056 (SA4064/1-1, PI Sander). AACS and RRL acknowledge funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) \u2013 Project-ID 138713538 \u2013 SFB 881 (\u201CThe Milky Way System\u201D, subproject P04). AACS, MBP, VR, and ECS are further supported by funding from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and the Baden-W\u00FCrttemberg Ministry of Science as part of the Excellence Strategy of the German Federal and State Governments. ECS acknowledges financial support by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK) via the German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum f\u00FCr Luft- und Raumfahrt, DLR) grant 50 OR 2306 (PI: Ramachandran/Sander). CJKL gratefully acknowledges support from the International Max Planck Research School for Astronomy and Cosmic Physics at the University of Heidelberg in the form of an IMPRS PhD fellowship. PAC and JMB are supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council research grant ST/V000853/1 (PI. V. Dhillon). DP acknowledges financial support by the Deutsches Zentrum f\u00FCr Luft und Raumfahrt (DLR) grant FKZ 50OR2005. RK acknowledges financial support via the Heisenberg Research Grant funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) under grant no. KU 2849/9. JSV gratefully acknowledges support from STFC via grant ST/V000233/1. OM acknowledges support from the project RVO:67985815 of the Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences. A.u.-D. acknowledges NASA ATP grant number 80NSSC22K0628 and support by NASA through Chandra Award number TM4-25001A issued by the Chandra X-ray Observatory 27 Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of NASA under contract NAS8-03060. ACGM acknowledges the support from the Polish National Science Centre grant Maestro (2018/30/A/ST9/00050) and from the Max Planck Society through a \u201CPartner Group\u201D grant. F.N. acknowledges support by grants PID2019-105552RB-C41 and PID2022-137779OB-C41 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 by \u201CERDF A way of making Europe\u201D. SRB acknowledges support by NextGeneration EU/PRTR and MIU (UNI/551/2021) through grant Margarita Salas-ULL. This work used the Dutch national e-infrastructure with the support of the SURF Cooperative using grant no. EINF-3257.

Muestra la fuente de financiamiento declarada en la publicación.