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| DOI | 10.1051/0004-6361/202449829 | ||||
| Año | 2024 | ||||
| Tipo | artículo de investigación |
Citas Totales
Autores Afiliación Chile
Instituciones Chile
% Participación
Internacional
Autores
Afiliación Extranjera
Instituciones
Extranjeras
Context. The spectral analysis of hot, massive stars is a fundamental astrophysical method of determining their intrinsic properties and feedback. With their inherent, radiation-driven winds, the quantitative spectroscopy for hot, massive stars requires detailed numerical modeling of the atmosphere and an iterative treatment in order to obtain the best solution within a given framework. Aims. We present an overview of different techniques for the quantitative spectroscopy of hot stars employed within the X-Shooting ULLYSES collaboration, ranging from grid-based approaches to tailored spectral fits. By performing a blind test for selected targets, we gain an overview of the similarities and differences between the resulting stellar and wind parameters. Our study is not a systematic benchmark between different codes or methods; our aim is to provide an overview of the parameter spread caused by different approaches. Methods. For three different stars from the XShooting ULLYSES sample (SMC O5 star AzV 377, LMC O7 star Sk -69 degrees 50, and LMC O9 star Sk-66 degrees 171), we employ different stellar atmosphere codes (CMFGEN, Fastwind, PoWR) and different strategies to determine their best-fitting model solutions. For our analyses, UV and optical spectroscopy are used to derive the stellar and wind properties with some methods relying purely on optical data for comparison. To determine the overall spectral energy distribution, we further employ additional photometry from the literature. Results. The effective temperatures found for each of the three different sample stars agree within 3 kK, while the differences in log g can be up to 0.2 dex. Luminosity differences of up to 0.1 dex result from different reddening assumptions, which seem to be systematically larger for the methods employing a genetic algorithm. All sample stars are found to be enriched in nitrogen. The terminal wind velocities are surprisingly similar and do not strictly follow the u infinity-Teff relation. Conclusions. We find reasonable agreement in terms of the derived stellar and wind parameters between the different methods. Tailored fitting methods tend to be able to minimize or avoid discrepancies obtained with coarser or increasingly automatized treatments. The inclusion of UV spectral data is essential for the determination of realistic wind parameters. For one target (Sk -69 degrees 50), we find clear indications of an evolved status.
| Ord. | Autor | Género | Institución - País |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sander, A. | Hombre |
Heidelberg Univ - Alemania
Astronomisches Rechen-Institut - Alemania |
| 2 | Bouret, J. C. | Hombre |
Aix Marseille Univ - Francia
Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille - Francia |
| 3 | Bernini-Peron, M. | - |
Heidelberg Univ - Alemania
Astronomisches Rechen-Institut - Alemania |
| 4 | Puls, J. | Hombre |
LMU Munchen - Alemania
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München - Alemania |
| 5 | Backs, Frank | - |
Univ Amsterdam - Países Bajos
Anton Pannekoek Instituut voor Sterrenkunde - Países Bajos |
| 6 | Berlanas, S. R. | - |
Inst Astrofis Canarias - España
UNIV LA LAGUNA - España Instituto Astrofisico de Canarias - España Universidad de La Laguna - España |
| 7 | Bestenlehner, Joachim M. | Hombre |
UNIV SHEFFIELD - Reino Unido
The University of Sheffield - Reino Unido |
| 8 | Brands, Sarah A. | Mujer |
Univ Amsterdam - Países Bajos
Anton Pannekoek Instituut voor Sterrenkunde - Países Bajos |
| 9 | Herrero, Artemio | Hombre |
Inst Astrofis Canarias - España
UNIV LA LAGUNA - España Instituto Astrofisico de Canarias - España Universidad de La Laguna - España |
| 10 | Martins, F. | Hombre |
Univ Montpellier - Francia
Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier - Francia |
| 11 | Maryeva, O. | - |
Czech Acad Sci - República Checa
Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic - República Checa |
| 12 | Pauli, D. | - |
Univ Potsdam - Alemania
Universität Potsdam - Alemania |
| 13 | Ramachandran, V. | - |
Heidelberg Univ - Alemania
Astronomisches Rechen-Institut - Alemania |
| 14 | Crowther, P. A. | Hombre |
UNIV SHEFFIELD - Reino Unido
The University of Sheffield - Reino Unido |
| 15 | Gomez-Gonzalez, V. M. A. | - |
Univ Potsdam - Alemania
Universität Potsdam - Alemania |
| 16 | Gormaz-Matamala, Alex C. | Hombre |
Polish Acad Sci - Polonia
Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez - Chile Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile - Chile Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center of the Polish Academy of Sciences - Polonia |
| 17 | Hamann, W. -R. | Hombre |
Univ Potsdam - Alemania
Universität Potsdam - Alemania |
| 18 | Hillier, D. John | Hombre |
Univ Pittsburgh - Estados Unidos
University of Pittsburgh - Estados Unidos |
| 19 | Kuiper, R. | Hombre |
Univ Duisburg Essen - Alemania
Universität Duisburg-Essen - Alemania |
| 20 | Larkin, C. J. K. | - |
Heidelberg Univ - Alemania
Max Planck Inst Kernphys - Alemania Max Planck Inst Astron - Alemania Astronomisches Rechen-Institut - Alemania Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik - Alemania Max Planck Institute for Astronomy - Alemania |
| 21 | Lefever, R. R. | - |
Heidelberg Univ - Alemania
Astronomisches Rechen-Institut - Alemania |
| 22 | Mehner, Andrea | Mujer |
ESO European Org Astron Res Southern Hemisphere - Chile
European Southern Observatory Santiago - Chile |
| 23 | Najarro, F. | Hombre |
Ctr Astrobiol - España
CSIC-INTA - Centro de Astrobiología (CAB) - España |
| 24 | Oskinova, L. | - |
Univ Potsdam - Alemania
Universität Potsdam - Alemania |
| 25 | Schoesser, E. C. | - |
Heidelberg Univ - Alemania
Astronomisches Rechen-Institut - Alemania |
| 26 | Shenar, T. | Hombre |
Tel Aviv Univ - Israel
Tel Aviv University - Israel |
| 27 | Todt, H. | - |
Univ Potsdam - Alemania
Universität Potsdam - Alemania |
| 28 | Ud-Doula, A. | - |
Penn State Scranton - Estados Unidos
|
| 29 | Vink, Jorick S. | - |
Armagh Observ & Planetarium - Reino Unido
Armagh Observatory - Reino Unido |
| Fuente |
|---|
| European Regional Development Fund |
| Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft |
| NASA |
| Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) |
| STFC |
| Science and Technology Facilities Council |
| National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
| Narodowe Centrum Nauki |
| Max-Planck-Gesellschaft |
| Max Planck Society through a "Partner Group" grant |
| Space Telescope Science Institute |
| Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung |
| European Space Agency |
| Polish National Science Centre |
| Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences |
| NASA ATP |
| Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt |
| SURF Cooperative |
| Lorentz Center |
| Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) |
| Universität Heidelberg |
| SURF |
| Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft und Raumfahrt (DLR) |
| Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG - German Research Foundation) |
| NextGeneration EU |
| PRTR |
| NextGeneration EU/PRTR |
| Heisenberg Research Grant - German Research Foundation (DFG) |
| Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz |
| International Max Planck Research School for Astronomy and Cosmic Physics at the University of Heidelberg |
| Baden-Württemberg Ministry of Science |
| Al-Mustafa International University |
| Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK) via the German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt, DLR) |
| MCIN/AEI by "ERDF A way of making Europe" |
| MIU through grant Margarita Salas-ULL |
| Lorentz Center, Leiden, Netherlands |
| NASA by the Chandra X-ray Observatory 27 Center |
| Baden-Wurttemberg Ministry of Science as part of the Excellence Strategy of the German Federal and State Governments |
| Agradecimiento |
|---|
| This manuscript has been inspired by discussions during the workshop "ULLYSES - new horizons in massive star spectroscopy", hosted and supported by the Lorentz Center, Leiden, Netherlands. Based on observations obtained with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, retrieved from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST) at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. AACS, MBP, VR, RRL, and CJKL are supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG - German Research Foundation) in the form of an Emmy Noether Research Group - Project-ID 445674056 (SA4064/1-1, PI Sander). AACS and RRL acknowledge funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) - Project-ID 138713538 - SFB 881 ("The Milky Way System", subproject P04). AACS, MBP, VR, and ECS are further supported by funding from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and the Baden-Wurttemberg Ministry of Science as part of the Excellence Strategy of the German Federal and State Governments. ECS acknowledges financial support by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK) via the German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt, DLR) grant 50 OR 2306 (PI: Ramachandran/Sander). CJKL gratefully acknowledges support from the International Max Planck Research School for Astronomy and Cosmic Physics at the University of Heidelberg in the form of an IMPRS PhD fellowship. PAC and JMB are supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council research grant ST/V000853/1 (PI. V. Dhillon). DP acknowledges financial support by the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft und Raumfahrt (DLR) grant FKZ 50OR2005. RK acknowledges financial support via the Heisenberg Research Grant funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) under grant no. KU 2849/9. JSV gratefully acknowledges support from STFC via grant ST/V000233/1. OM acknowledges support from the project RVO:67985815 of the Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences. A.u.-D. acknowledges NASA ATP grant number 80NSSC22K0628 and support by NASA through Chandra Award number TM4-25001A issued by the Chandra X-ray Observatory 27 Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of NASA under contract NAS8-03060. ACGM acknowledges the support from the Polish National Science Centre grant Maestro (2018/30/A/ST9/00050) and from the Max Planck Society through a "Partner Group" grant. F.N. acknowledges support by grants PID2019-105552RB-C41 and PID2022-137779OB-C41 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 by "ERDF A way of making Europe". SRB acknowledges support by NextGeneration EU/PRTR and MIU (UNI/551/2021) through grant Margarita Salas-ULL. This work used the Dutch national e-infrastructure with the support of the SURF Cooperative using grant no. EINF-3257. |
| This manuscript has been inspired by discussions during the workshop \u201CULLYSES \u2013 new horizons in massive star spectroscopy\u201D, hosted and supported by the Lorentz Center, Leiden, Netherlands. Based on observations obtained with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, retrieved from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST) at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. AACS, MBP, VR, RRL, and CJKL are supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG \u2013 German Research Foundation) in the form of an Emmy Noether Research Group - Project-ID 445674056 (SA4064/1-1, PI Sander). AACS and RRL acknowledge funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) \u2013 Project-ID 138713538 \u2013 SFB 881 (\u201CThe Milky Way System\u201D, subproject P04). AACS, MBP, VR, and ECS are further supported by funding from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and the Baden-W\u00FCrttemberg Ministry of Science as part of the Excellence Strategy of the German Federal and State Governments. ECS acknowledges financial support by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK) via the German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum f\u00FCr Luft- und Raumfahrt, DLR) grant 50 OR 2306 (PI: Ramachandran/Sander). CJKL gratefully acknowledges support from the International Max Planck Research School for Astronomy and Cosmic Physics at the University of Heidelberg in the form of an IMPRS PhD fellowship. PAC and JMB are supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council research grant ST/V000853/1 (PI. V. Dhillon). DP acknowledges financial support by the Deutsches Zentrum f\u00FCr Luft und Raumfahrt (DLR) grant FKZ 50OR2005. RK acknowledges financial support via the Heisenberg Research Grant funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) under grant no. KU 2849/9. JSV gratefully acknowledges support from STFC via grant ST/V000233/1. OM acknowledges support from the project RVO:67985815 of the Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences. A.u.-D. acknowledges NASA ATP grant number 80NSSC22K0628 and support by NASA through Chandra Award number TM4-25001A issued by the Chandra X-ray Observatory 27 Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of NASA under contract NAS8-03060. ACGM acknowledges the support from the Polish National Science Centre grant Maestro (2018/30/A/ST9/00050) and from the Max Planck Society through a \u201CPartner Group\u201D grant. F.N. acknowledges support by grants PID2019-105552RB-C41 and PID2022-137779OB-C41 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 by \u201CERDF A way of making Europe\u201D. SRB acknowledges support by NextGeneration EU/PRTR and MIU (UNI/551/2021) through grant Margarita Salas-ULL. This work used the Dutch national e-infrastructure with the support of the SURF Cooperative using grant no. EINF-3257. |