This article approaches theoretically to some propositions of the Latin American writings on visual arts around the artistic avant-gardes in Latin America, particularly to the latter as a modality or articulation of the political avant-garde. This is based on a historical characterization of the recent avant-garde conceptualization, from the beginning of the 21st century, a period in which the historiographic crisis of artistic modernity and the imputation of its most Eurocentric features have prevailed. Next, the article delimits this avant-garde conceptualization in view of the aforementioned critical and historiographic recompositions, based on what has been proposed by different Latin American authors. Finally, it approaches this conceptualization in three cases, situating the relationship between art and politics as a key to the critical, curatorial and historiographic interpretation of the Latin American avant-gardes of the 20th century.