The regime established by Hugo Ch & aacute;vez and continued by Nicol & aacute;s Maduro in Venezuela has generated social, migratory, economic, and political repercussions that have transcended the country's borders, becoming a destabilizing factor for democracy and security in Latin America. To explain this phenomenon, it is proposed to analyze the background, contexts, and elements that led to its emergence and consolidation. To this end, after discussing the concept and characteristics of populism, a review is made of its historical manifestation in the classic Latin American populisms of the mid -20th century. The final section focuses on analyzing the peculiarities of Latin American neopopulism and the Socialism of the 21st Century in Venezuela. Through this exploration, the aim is to understand its ideological bases, characteristics, and consequences and propose hypotheses about the causes of its endurance in power.