The cesarean section is one of the oldest surgical interventions in humanity and one of the most practiced, which has managed to benefit millions of pregnant women and their newborns. However, currently, the exponential increase in births through cesarean sections in many countries is considered a public health problem because it is not a risk-free procedure and with short and long-term complications for both the mother and the newborn; therefore, it can lead to moral and ethical problems mainly related to the principles of autonomy and beneficence/non-maleficence, especially when its practice is not sufficiently justified. For this reason, it was proposed to carry out a narrative review to analyze the biolaw framework and the bioethical considerations and implications of performing a cesarean section.